{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T10:04:49Z","timestamp":1773741889736,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter\u20102 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are proposed to alleviate the development of inflammatory eye diseases. However, the association between SGLT2i and retinal vascular occlusion remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects of SGLT2i on the incidence of retinal vascular occlusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cohort study analysed electronic medical records data from the largest multi\u2010institutional database in Taiwan. Individuals who initiated SGLT2is and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4is) between 2016 and 2019 were included in our analysis. To conduct a homogenous comparison, inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity scoring was employed. The primary outcome was retinal vascular occlusion, and the secondary outcomes were retinal vascular occlusion\u2010related complications (macular oedema, vitreous haemorrhage, and tractional retinal detachment) and conditions requiring vitreoretinal intervention (intravitreal injection, retinal laser therapy, and vitrectomy).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 12,074 SGLT2i users and 39,318 DPP4i users were included. The incidence rate of retinal vascular occlusion in the SGLT2i and DPP4i groups was 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9\u20131.4) and 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3\u20131.8) events per 1000 person\u2010years, respectively, which yielded a subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.55\u20130.99). Similar risk reductions were observed in the retinal vascular occlusion\u2010related complications (SHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69\u20130.84) and conditions requiring vitreoretinal intervention (SHR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77\u20130.94).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this multi\u2010institutional study in Taiwan, SGLT2i use was associated with a reduced risk of retinal vascular occlusion. Further prospective studies are required to ascertain this association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T11:28:20Z","timestamp":1707305300000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter\u20102 inhibitors and the risk of retinal vascular occlusion: A real\u2010world retrospective cohort study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5181-5571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzu\u2010Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6814-6530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugene Yu\u2010Chuan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4867-6686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih\u2010Chieh","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Keelung Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward Chia\u2010Cheng","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan\u2010Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Edward S. 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