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In previous years, the systematic review accompanying guidelines published by the International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot performed 4\u2010yearly updates of previous searches, including trials of prospective, cross\u2010sectional and case\u2010control design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to a need to re\u2010evaluate older studies against newer standards of reporting and assessment of risk of bias, we performed a whole new search from conception, but limiting studies to randomised control trials only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For this systematic review, we searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases for published studies on randomised control trials of interventions to enhance healing of diabetes\u2010related foot ulcers. We only included trials comparing interventions to standard of care. Two independent reviewers selected articles for inclusion and assessed relevant outcomes as well as methodological quality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The literature search identified 22,250 articles, of which 262 were selected for full text review across 10 categories of interventions. Overall, the certainty of evidence for a majority of wound healing interventions was low or very low, with moderate evidence existing for two interventions (sucrose\u2010octasulfate and leucocyte, platelet and fibrin patch) and low quality evidence for a further four (hyperbaric oxygen, topical oxygen, placental derived products and negative pressure wound therapy). The majority of interventions had insufficient evidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, the evidence to support any other intervention to enhance wound healing is lacking and further high\u2010quality randomised control trials are encouraged.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T15:33:56Z","timestamp":1710948836000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Effectiveness of interventions to enhance healing of chronic foot ulcers in diabetes: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Pam","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joondalup Health Campus Ramsay Healthcare Australia  Joondalup Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nalini Campillo","family":"Vilorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetology Diabetic Foot Unit Plaza de la Salud General Hospital  Santo Domingo Dominican Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ketan","family":"Dhatariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Norwich UK"},{"name":"Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1744-7576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Jeffcoate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retired Physician  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Lobmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Geriatrics Klinikum Stuttgart  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences University of Galway  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Piaggesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetic Foot Section Department of Medicine University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Steinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University School of Medicine  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7448-2995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prash","family":"Vas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Viswanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MV Hospital for Diabetes and Prof M Viswanathan Diabetes Research Center  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. William M. 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