{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T17:09:22Z","timestamp":1782493762733,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We have evaluated long\u2010term weighted mean HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      (wHbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      variability, diabetes duration, and lipid profiles in relation to the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), nephropathy, and retinopathy in childhood\u2010onset type 1 diabetes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a longitudinal cohort study, 49 patients (21 women) with childhood\u2010onset type 1 diabetes were investigated with neurophysiological measurements, blood tests, and clinical examinations after a diabetes duration of 7.7 (\u00b13.3) years (baseline) and followed with repeated examinations for 30.6 (\u00b15.2) years. We calculated wHbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      by integrating the area under all HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      values since the diabetes diagnosis. Lipid profiles were analysed in relation to the presence of DPN. Long\u2010term fluctuations of HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      variability were computed as the standard deviation of all HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      measurements. Data regarding the presence of other diabetes complications were retrieved from medical records.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this follow\u2010up study, 51% (25\/49) of the patients fulfilled electrophysiological criteria for DPN. In nerve conduction studies, there was a deterioration in the amplitudes and conduction velocities for the median, peroneal, and sural nerves over time. Patients with DPN had a longer duration of diabetes, higher wHbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c,<\/jats:sub>\n                      and increased HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      variability. The lowest wHbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      value associated with the development of DPN was 62\u00a0mmol\/mol (7.8%). The presence of albuminuria and retinopathy was positively correlated with the presence of neuropathy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      More than half of the patients had developed DPN after 30\u00a0years. None of the patients who developed DPN had a wHbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      of less than 62\u00a0mmol\/mol (7.8%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T13:28:25Z","timestamp":1718458105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["HbA\n                    <sub>1c<\/sub>\n                    and the risk of developing peripheral neuropathy in childhood\u2010onset type 1 diabetes: A follow\u2010up study over 3\u00a0decades"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4433-1376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelia","family":"Baldimtsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics in Link\u00f6ping Department of Health, 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Hospital, and Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6319-1786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"Olausson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Medicine Link\u00f6ping University Centre for Social and Affective Neuroscience  Linko\u0308ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1695-5234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johnny","family":"Ludvigsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Crown Princess Victoria's Children Hospital and Division of Pediatrics Link\u00f6ping University  Linko\u0308ping 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