{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T07:53:51Z","timestamp":1767858831628,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,16]],"date-time":"2004-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1074211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the postprandial glucose\u2010lowering effect of the human amylin analog pramlintide when given with insulin lispro in subjects with type 2 diabetes, with an emphasis on the optimal dose timing relative to meals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this randomized, single\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled, five\u2010way crossover study, 19 subjects with type 2 diabetes using insulin lispro underwent five consecutive mixed\u2010meal tests. In randomized order, subjects received subcutaneous injections of placebo at \u221215 min or 120\u2010\u00b5g pramlintide at \u221215, 0, +15, or +30 min relative to the standardized breakfast after an overnight fast. Insulin lispro was injected at 0 min at doses that were adjusted appropriately for both the content of the standardized meal and the anticipated effects of pramlintide. Plasma glucose concentrations were measured before and during the 4\u2010h postmeal period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>When injected at 0 min, pramlintide reduced the postprandial glucose excursion by 81% compared to insulin lispro + placebo (incremental AUC<jats:sub>0\u20134 h<\/jats:sub> (mean \u00b1 SE) 2.0 \u00b1 1.5 vs. 10.4 \u00b1 2.2 mmol\/h\/L, P &lt; 0.05). When pramlintide was injected at \u221215, +15, and +30 min, the postprandial incremental glucose AUC<jats:sub>0\u20134 h<\/jats:sub> was also significantly reduced (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), but to a lesser extent (42 to 73%). Pramlintide treatment was well tolerated and no serious adverse events were reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Administration of pramlintide either at or just prior to a meal caused a greater reduction in postprandial glucose than either administration of placebo or postmeal pramlintide injections in subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with a rapid\u2010acting insulin analog, insulin lispro. Copyright \u00a9 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,19]],"date-time":"2004-01-19T08:01:14Z","timestamp":1074499274000},"page":"55-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Pramlintide reduces postprandial glucose excursions when added to insulin lispro in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a dose\u2010timing study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"David 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