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The possibility of identifying children at type 1 diabetes risk among first\u2010degree relatives has resulted in prospective studies aimed at identifying postnatal events associated with the appearance of autoantibody markers for type 1 diabetes and a possible later onset of diabetes. However, the majority (85%) of new onset type 1 diabetes children do not have a first\u2010degree relative with the disease. Population\u2010based studies are therefore designed to prospectively analyse pregnant mothers and their offspring. One such study is DiPiS (Diabetes Prediction in Sk\u00e5ne), which is examining a total of about 10 000 pregnancies expected every year in the Sk\u00e5ne (Scania) region of Sweden that has 1.1 million inhabitants. Blood samples from all mothers in this region are obtained during pregnancy and at the time of delivery. Cord blood is analysed for HLA high\u2010risk alleles and for autoantibodies against the 65 kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), the protein tyrosine phosphatase\u2013related IA\u20102 antigen (IA\u20102A) and insulin (IAA) as a measure of prenatal autoimmune exposure. Identifying high\u2010risk children by genetic, autoimmune and gestational risk factors followed by prospective analyses will make it possible to test the hypothesis that gestational events may trigger beta cell autoimmunity as a prerequisite for childhood type 1 diabetes. 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