{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:15:55Z","timestamp":1791875755615,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus can develop and influence each other. We conducted this study to compare the hepatic outcomes of sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor use versus no\u2010use in patients with liver cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and liver cirrhosis from the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2021. Multivariable\u2010adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare the risks of decompensated cirrhosis, liver failure, cardiovascular events and mortality between SGLT2 inhibitor users and nonusers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean follow\u2010up period for SGLT2 inhibitor users and nonusers was 2.86 and 2.66\u00a0years, respectively. The incidence rates of mortality during follow\u2010up were 29.97 versus 63.18 per 1000 person\u2010years for SGLT2 inhibitor users and nonusers, respectively. The multivariable\u2010adjusted models showed that SGLT2 inhibitor users had lower risks of all\u2010cause mortality (aHR 0.47, 95% CI 0.42\u20130.52), decompensated cirrhosis (aHR 0.67 95% CI 0.58\u20130.77), liver failure (aHR 0.58, 95% CI 0.49\u20130.69), hepatorenal syndrome (aHR 0.54, 95% CI 0.35\u20130.85) and major adverse cardiovascular events (aHR 0.80, 95% CI 0.52\u20130.70) than nonusers. A longer cumulative duration of SGLT2 inhibitors had further lower risks of mortality and decompensated cirrhosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This nationwide cohort study showed that SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a significantly lower risk of mortality, decompensated cirrhosis, liver failure and cardiovascular events in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes. SGLT2 inhibitors may be an option for diabetes management in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.70070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T06:29:08Z","timestamp":1753252148000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sodium\u2010Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Use in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4677-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu\u2010Shun","family":"Yen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Yen's Clinic  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4886-0718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming\u2010Chih","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1235-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Cheng\u2010Chung Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy, Immunology &amp; Rheumatology Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0995-3455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010Han","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Office for Health Data China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3967-784X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying\u2010Hsiu","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Office for Health Data China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2010Wei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Cook County Hospital  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sing\u2010Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of Internal Medicine China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8209-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chii\u2010Min","family":"Hwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-4341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih\u2010Cheng","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Population Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes  Miaoli County Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Health Services Administration China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Min\u2010Sheng General Hospital  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research National Health Research Institutes  Yunlin County Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.280"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"GBD Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Health Data Exchange Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Data Resources GBD Results Tool Terms and Conditions(2019) http:\/\/ghdx.healthdata.org\/gbd\u2010results\u2010tool."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(18)32203\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13115"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra2115011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18\u20100165"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1682904"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31270"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.22.3.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/318627"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010007\u20100310\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mcg.0b013e3182688d2f"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Accuracy of Diabetes Diagnosis in Health Insurance Claims Data in Taiwan","volume":"104","author":"Lin C. 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