{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:42:38Z","timestamp":1790196158405,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the cardiovascular benefits of GLP\u20101RAs in type 2 diabetes are established, their effects in type 1 diabetes remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of GLP\u20101RAs as adjunctive therapy on cardiometabolic risk factors in T1DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science. The search covered all studies published from database inception to August 30, 2025. The methodology followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, with eligibility criteria based on the PICOS framework. Randomised controlled trials comparing GLP\u20101 receptor agonists with placebo or standard insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 21 RCTs involving 3417 patients and evaluating five different GLP\u20101RAs were included. Compared with the control group, GLP\u20101RAs significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (WMD: \u22122.65 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22123.81 to \u22121.49,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0% and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001_effect), decreased diastolic blood pressure (WMD: \u22120.99 mmHg, 95% CI: \u22121.70 to \u22120.28,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0% and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.006_effect) and increased heart rate (WMD: 3.90 bpm, 95% CI: 2.54 to 5.26,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0% and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001_effect). Similarly, total cholesterol (WMD: \u22120.15\u00a0mmol\/L, 95% CI: \u22120.29 to \u22120.01,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0% and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.031_effect), LDL cholesterol (WMD: \u22120.12\u00a0mmol\/L, 95% CI: \u22120.22 to \u22120.01,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0% and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.028_effect) and CRP (SMD: \u22120.32, 95% CI: \u22120.54 to \u22120.10,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0% and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.005_effect) were significantly reduced, whereas no significant changes were observed for triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, TNF\u2010\u03b1 or IL\u20106 (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05_effect). Previous meta\u2010analyses have shown the efficacy and safety of GLP\u20101RAs in T1DM, and this study once again verified that GLP\u20101RAs can significantly reduce glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (WMD: \u22120.21% and 95% CI: \u22120.26 to \u22120.17), body weight (WMD: \u22123.91\u00a0kg and 95% CI: \u22124.53 to \u22123.30) and body mass index (BMI) (WMD: \u22121.52\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 95% CI: \u22121.88 to \u22121.16) (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05_effect).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of GLP\u20101RAs as adjuvant therapy for T1DM is not only beneficial for glycaemic control and weight loss, but also can lead to important improvements in other cardiometabolic risk factors and provide valuable guidance for clinicians in making treatment decisions for this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T04:48:43Z","timestamp":1764737323000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonists on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Yizhu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou Sichuan China"},{"name":"Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou Sichuan China"},{"name":"Metabolic Vascular Disease Key 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