{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:33:28Z","timestamp":1791250408174,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GA4\u2010177757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA4\u2010177757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Health Research BC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MFEX\u20102024\u201004141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MFEX\u20102024\u201004141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011094","name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2425\u2010HQ\u2010000098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2425\u2010HQ\u2010000098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the long\u2010term risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) following SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection in a large population\u2010based cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all British Columbia residents aged \u2265\u00a018\u00a0years tested for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) between 1 January 2020 and 31 January 2024. Individuals with pre\u2010existing diabetes or residing in long\u2010term care were excluded. Incident T2DM, identified more than 30\u00a0days after testing, was ascertained using a validated administrative algorithm. Inverse probability\u2010weighted cause\u2010specific hazard models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes, accounting for death as a competing risk. Subgroup analyses examined associations by sex, age, vaccination status, COVID\u201019 severity, and follow\u2010up duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 2,044,421 individuals (296,390 SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010positive; 1,748,031 negative), 47,704 (2.33%) incident T2DM cases were identified over a median follow\u2010up of 874\u00a0days. Compared with the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010negative group, the risk of diabetes was higher among infected individuals (HR 1.18; 95% CI: 1.15\u20131.22;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), rising progressively with illness severity\u2014from ambulatory to hospitalised and intensive\u2010care cases. No evidence of association was found among the vaccinated subgroups. The excess risk persisted for up to 3\u00a0years before waning thereafter.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection was associated with an increased risk of incident T2DM that persisted for up to 3\u00a0years, particularly among unvaccinated and severely ill individuals. These findings highlight the importance of post\u2010infection metabolic surveillance and the potential protective role of vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.70136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T16:39:30Z","timestamp":1771087170000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long\u2010Term Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Following SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Infection: A Population\u2010Based Study in British Columbia, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0764-4664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9ctor Alexander","family":"Vel\u00e1squez Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (UBC CDC)  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (UBC CDC)  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dahn","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (UBC CDC)  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaeema","family":"Naveed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (UBC CDC)  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5681-719X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveed Zafar","family":"Janjua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (UBC CDC)  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences (CH\u00c9OS) St. Paul's Hospital  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579\u2010020\u201000459\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cWHO Coronavirus (COVID\u201019) Dashboard \u201d Accessed 2025\u201003\u201001 https:\/\/data.who.int\/dashboards\/covid19."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201026513\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1215879"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916\u2010022\u201002656\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201024185\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1170156"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892\u2010023\u201001515\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300\u2010023\u201001465\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010024\u201002987\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.8866"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213\u20108587(24)00159\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1248905"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc\u20102021\u2010002145"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"104","article-title":"A Deprivation Index for Health and Welfare Planning in Quebec","volume":"21","author":"Pampalon R.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chronic Diseases in Canada"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","unstructured":"M.Nasinski \u201cMicefast: Fast Imputations Using \u2018Rcpp\u2019 and \u2018Armadillo\u2019 \u201d R package version 0.8.2 (2022) https:\/\/cran.r\u2010project.org\/web\/packages\/miceFast\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","unstructured":"N.Greifer \u201cWeightit: Weighting for Covariate Balance in Observational Studies \u201d R package version 1.1.0.9002 (2024) https:\/\/github.com\/ngreifer\/WeightIt."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018174"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(22)00941\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214\u2010109X(22)00361\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adk3295"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.85009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004274"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23\u20100936"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada \u201cCensus Profile 2021 Census of Population Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 98\u2010316\u2010X2021001 (Table) \u201d (2023) Released November 15 2023 https:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/census\u2010recensement\/2021\/dp\u2010pd\/prof\/index.cfm?Lang=E."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","unstructured":"Province of British Columbia \u201cWelcomebc\u2014Multicultural B.C. Last Reviewed: 2024\u201003\u201020 \u201d (2024) https:\/\/www.welcomebc.ca\/choose\u2010b\u2010c\/explore\u2010british\u2010columbia\/multicultural\u2010b\u2010c#:~:text=British%20Columbia%20is%20the%20most of%20the%20population%20is%20Indigenous."}],"container-title":["Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dmrr.70136","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dmrr.70136","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dmrr.70136","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T17:01:32Z","timestamp":1778950892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dmrr.70136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dmrr.70136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.70136","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/DMRR.70136\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/DMRR.70136\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1520-7552","1520-7560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-7552","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-7560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70136"}}