{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:11:46Z","timestamp":1792080706238,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003107","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Gesundheit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003107","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017331","name":"Ministerium f\u00fcr Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the impact of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) on distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) over 5\u00a0years of recent\u2010onset type 2 diabetes and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Individuals with recent\u2010onset type 2 diabetes and NGT (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0355\/181) matched for age and sex underwent reference tests of DSPN. Intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) was assessed in a subset (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0100\/117). Subgroups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0198\/64) were reevaluated 5\u00a0years later. MetS was defined by International Diabetes Federation criteria and DSPN by the Toronto consensus criteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After adjustment for age, sex, height, smoking history, and HbA1c, IENFD was inversely associated with weight and the number of MetS components in NGT, but not in type 2 diabetes. Lower sural sensory nerve action potential was associated with higher weight in both groups. Higher baseline weight was associated with incident DSPN in NGT. Obesity and MetS at baseline were associated with higher odds of neuropathic deficits at follow\u2010up in type 2 diabetes (OR [95% CI] for obesity 3.00 [1.06\u20138.51] and MetS 8.25 [1.02\u201366.91]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher weight is independently associated with early nerve fibre loss and dysfunction, regardless of hyperglycaemia. In recent\u2010onset type 2 diabetes, obesity and MetS predict neuropathic deficits 5\u00a0years later, suggesting that timely weight management may be critical to prevent DSPN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.70147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T17:24:11Z","timestamp":1772990651000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Predict Polyneuropathy Over 5\u00a0Years in Recent\u2010Onset Type 2 Diabetes and Normal Glucose Tolerance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7638-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gundega","family":"Sipola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Diabetology German Diabetes Center Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9896-1106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Strom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Diabetology German Diabetes Center Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research Partner D\u00fcsseldorf  M\u00fcnich\u2010Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Diabetology German Diabetes Center Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research Partner D\u00fcsseldorf  M\u00fcnich\u2010Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e1lm\u00e1n B.","family":"B\u00f3dis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Diabetology German Diabetes Center Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research Partner D\u00fcsseldorf  M\u00fcnich\u2010Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Diabetology German Diabetes Center Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8200-6382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Roden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Diabetology German Diabetes Center Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research Partner D\u00fcsseldorf  M\u00fcnich\u2010Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1446-6592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gidon J.","family":"B\u00f6nhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Diabetology German Diabetes Center Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research Partner D\u00fcsseldorf  M\u00fcnich\u2010Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the GDS Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018\u201000107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab330"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14469"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3693"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/wco.0000000000001292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2024.100542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007543.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(25)00355\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07\u20101796"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18\u20101842"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16\u20100081"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.3745"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933\u2010016\u20100374\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24\u20101799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400697"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13\u20101819"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(05)67402\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"Global Health Observatory Data Repository 2017 https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/legacy."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.70072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2013.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102016\u2010314171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00513"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2021.0278"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2006065117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010024\u201008535\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2014.0453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23246"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010017\u20104253\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892\u2010015\u20100682\u20106"}],"container-title":["Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dmrr.70147","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dmrr.70147","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dmrr.70147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T19:14:08Z","timestamp":1783019648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dmrr.70147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dmrr.70147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.70147","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-7552","1520-7560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-7552","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-7560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70147"}}