{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:57:19Z","timestamp":1792267039128,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":215,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain leading contributors to global morbidity and mortality, imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these conditions are complex and closely interconnected, with chronic low\u2010grade inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance and dysregulated lipid metabolism serving as pivotal shared pathways. Persistent hyperglycaemia and metabolic imbalance in DM accelerate vascular injury and atherosclerotic progression, thereby significantly increasing cardiovascular risk. Consequently, therapeutic strategies that concurrently target both metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunction may offer meaningful clinical advantages and improved long\u2010term outcomes. In recent years, novel antidiabetic agents such as sodium\u2013glucose co\u2010transporter 2 (SGLT\u20102) inhibitors and glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101) receptor agonists have demonstrated not only glycaemic control but also substantial cardiovascular protection, including reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events, heart failure hospitalisations and renal disease progression. These pleiotropic effects extend beyond glucose lowering and involve modulation of inflammatory pathways, improvement of endothelial function, attenuation of oxidative stress and favourable haemodynamic changes. Additionally, emerging evidence highlights the role of the gut microbiota as a critical mediator in the bidirectional relationship between DM and CVD. Alterations in microbial composition and diversity, collectively termed dysbiosis, have been associated with systemic inflammation, impaired metabolic homoeostasis, increased intestinal permeability and the production of pro\u2010atherogenic metabolites such as trimethylamine N\u2010oxide. Understanding these microbiome\u2010related mechanisms may open new avenues for preventive and therapeutic interventions targeting the gut\u2013metabolic\u2013cardiovascular axis. This narrative review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the molecular and cellular mechanisms linking DM and CVD, with particular emphasis on inflammatory signalling, metabolic dysregulation and the emerging influence of the gut microbiome in their shared pathogenesis and therapeutic modulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.70167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T09:31:34Z","timestamp":1775727094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Intersecting Molecular Pathways in Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: Emerging Roles of Inflammation and Therapeutics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Lilian","family":"Anagnostopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department KAT General Hospital  Athens 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