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A review of PubMed through December 2025 was performed, culminating in the inclusion of 55 original studies. The synthesis revealed significant dysregulation of inflammatory markers including IL\u20106 and ICAM\u20101, endothelial and oxidative stress mediators such as TET3 and the PRDX family, along with coagulation markers such as von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen, all correlating with disease severity in comorbid patients. Multi\u2010marker panels, exemplified by the HART PAD score and combined neutrophil\u2010to\u2010HDL ratio with systemic inflammation response index, demonstrated superior predictive accuracy compared to individual biomarkers. Subsequent investigations should prioritise prospective validation and clinical standardisation of these candidate markers. 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