{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:55:36Z","timestamp":1790571336377,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DK119100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DK119100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DK119083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DK119083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DK119094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DK119094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DK119099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DK119099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24DK122927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24DK122927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The social drivers of diabetic foot disease (SDDFD) impact ulcer incidence and outcomes, but\n                      <jats:italic>how<\/jats:italic>\n                      is relatively unknown. We aimed to build a conceptual model positing how three SDDFD\u2014poverty, insurance, and government assistance\u2014influence outcomes for patients with diabetic foot ulcers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To inform the model, we conducted a scoping review of studies linking poverty, insurance, and\/or government assistance with diabetic foot ulcer outcomes using Levac and colleagues' 6\u2010stage framework, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta\u2010analysis extension for scoping reviews, and the SPIDER tool. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase for original research articles set in the United States and published between 1 January 2005 and 7 November 2025. We excluded those published in a language other than English, case reports, abstracts, and studies of other SDDFD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 35 included studies informed our conceptual model, depicting a complex causal pathway between SDDFD and outcomes, often mediated by healthcare system factors and moderated by patients' abilities to adhere to healthcare recommendations. Multidisciplinary teams might ameliorate the risk of amputations associated with poverty, lack of insurance, or qualifying for government assistance. Additionally, the model highlights reinforcing feedback loops, both positive and negative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our model can be used to inform mediation and moderation analyses and help avoid collider\u2010conditioning bias during statistical analyses. It can help identify potential points of intervention within the healthcare system for those working to dampen the negative effects of SDDFD on outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.70219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T10:56:37Z","timestamp":1787309797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How Do Poverty, Insurance, and Government Assistance Impact Diabetic Foot Ulcer Outcomes? A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5214-2826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie N.","family":"LaMantia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devan","family":"McClain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Daniele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9119-192X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Fayfman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Grady Memorial Hospital  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9192-541X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alisha","family":"Oropallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra\/Northwell  Hempstead New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos C.","family":"Schechter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grady Memorial Hospital  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathie","family":"Spino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5802-189X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Iannuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2316-4150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan B.","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19\u20101614"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2023.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134914"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20\u20103135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.8399"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12682"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748\u20105908\u20105\u201069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1478\u20104505\u20106\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121\u2010018\u20100924\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AS9.0000000000000337"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146510383498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732312452938"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIMES-24-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18\u20100850"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2025.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2025.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000004209"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14196817"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2025.01.215"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2024.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.6781"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/24730114241281335"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diabetology5030027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diabetology5050036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23\u20101787"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2024.108814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc\u20102024\u2010004461"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcdhc.2023.1027578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2022.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047\u2010022\u201000561\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.3991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2021.107960"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2021.0149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2021.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.08.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006843"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.11.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2016.12.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734616653843"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12439"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753\u20100407.12050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13\u20102176"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/1010093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11\u20100807"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1020\u201049892010000900012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e3181aa5f5b"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742\u2010481X.2012.01022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.51.6.1173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0b013e3181dd26b3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Modern Epidemiology","author":"Glymour M. M.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp334"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21621918251405881"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25\u20100478"}],"container-title":["Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dmrr.70219","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dmrr.70219","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dmrr.70219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:12:12Z","timestamp":1790568732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dmrr.70219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dmrr.70219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.70219","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-7552","1520-7560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-7552","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-7560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70219"}}