{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:55:34Z","timestamp":1790571334929,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain (LV GLS) in youths with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared with healthy controls, as a marker of subclinical myocardial dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus and the Web of Science up to November 2025 for studies comparing speckle\u2010tracking\u2010derived LV GLS in paediatric T1DM and healthy controls. Random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses focused on two\u2010dimensional LV GLS, with exploratory three\u2010dimensional analyses, vendor\u2010based subgroup analyses and meta\u2010regression for age, diabetes duration and HbA1c.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Eighteen studies (1086 youths with T1DM, 935 controls) were included in the primary 2D LV GLS analysis. Compared with controls, youth with T1DM had significantly impaired 2D LV GLS (mean difference \u22122.87%, 95% CI \u22124.03 to \u22121.71), with substantial heterogeneity (I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a096.2%). Exploratory 3D GLS analysis with three studies showed no significant between\u2010group differences, and meta\u2010regression revealed no associations with age, diabetes duration or HbA1c.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children and adolescents with T1DM show impaired left ventricular longitudinal deformation despite preserved conventional systolic indices, indicating early subclinical myocardial dysfunction. However, given the substantial heterogeneity and low certainty of current evidence, future standardized longitudinal studies are warranted. Ultimately, with the increasing use of speckle\u2010tracking echocardiography, GLS may serve as a valuable tool for cardiovascular risk stratification in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.70220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T12:42:02Z","timestamp":1787661722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain as a Marker of Subclinical Myocardial Dysfunction in Youths With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4827-2350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athina","family":"Stamati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Science School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4554-3116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia","family":"Sotiriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Paediatric Department Faculty of Health Sciences School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Ippokratio General Hospital  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8560-967X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elpida","family":"Emmanoulidou\u2010Fotoulaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Paediatric Department Faculty of Health Sciences School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Ippokratio General Hospital  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikoleta","family":"Printza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Paediatric Department Faculty of Health Sciences School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Ippokratio General Hospital  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9224-0922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Kavga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Paediatric Department Faculty of Health Sciences School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Ippokratio General Hospital  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4964-5726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Christoforidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Paediatric Department Faculty of Health Sciences School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Ippokratio General Hospital  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25\u2010S002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753\u20100407.13562"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933\u2010024\u201002136\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.13764"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951122001408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201054597\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.70153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933\u2010025\u201002757\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2025.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2023.108528"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins J. 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