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When deprived of their peripheral targets, the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) progressively degenerate. For effective clinical treatment using cochlear prostheses, it is essential to maintain the SGN population. To investigate their survival dependence, synaptogenesis, and regenerative capacity, adult mouse SGNs were separated from hair cells and studied <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> in the presence of various neurotrophins and growth factors. Coadministration of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF\u20102) and glial cell line\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) provided support for long\u2010term survival, while FGF\u20102 alone could strongly promote neurite regeneration. Fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR\u20103\u2010IIIc was found to upregulate and translocate to the nucleus in surviving SGNs. Surviving SGNs formed contacts with other SGNs after they were deprived of the signals from the hair cells. In coculture experiments, neurites extending from SGNs projected toward hair cells. Interestingly, adult mouse spiral ganglion cells could carry out both symmetric and asymmetric cell division and give rise to new neurons. The authors propose that a combination of FGF\u20102 and GDNF could be an efficient route for clinical intervention of secondary degeneration of SGNs. The authors also demonstrate that the adult mammalian inner ear retains progenitor cells, which could commit neurogenesis. \u00a9 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 67: 108\u2013122, 2007<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,22]],"date-time":"2006-12-22T19:54:52Z","timestamp":1166817292000},"page":"108-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Survival, synaptogenesis, and regeneration of adult mouse spiral ganglion neurons <i>in 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