{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T04:28:37Z","timestamp":1789619317526,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,9]],"date-time":"2007-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world. The ultimate cause of vision loss due to glaucoma is thought to be retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis. Neuroprotection of RGC is becoming an important approach of glaucoma therapy. Several lines of evidence suggest that estrogen has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties. In this study, we examine the role of estrogen in preventing RGC loss in DBA\/2J mouse, an\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    model of an inherited (pigmentary) glaucoma. Two\u2010month\u2010old female DBA\/2J mice were anesthetized and ovariectomized with or without subcutaneous 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol (\u03b2E2) pellet implantation. RGC survival was evaluated from flat\u2010mounted whole retinas by counting retrograde\u2010labeled cells. The loss of nerve fibers and RGC were also evaluated in paraffin\u2010fixed retinal cross sections. Biochemical alterations in the retinas of DBA\/2J mice in response to systemic injection of \u03b2E2 were also examined. We have made several important observations showing that: (1) \u03b2E2 treatment reduced the loss of RGC and neurofibers through inhibition of ganglion cell apoptosis, (2) \u03b2E2 activated Akt and cAMP\u2010responsive\u2010element\u2010binding\u2010protein (CREB), (3) \u03b2E2 up\u2010regulated thioredoxin\u20101 (Trx\u20101) expression, (4) \u03b2E2 reduced the increased activations of mitogen\u2010activated protein kinases (MAPK) and NF\u2010\u03baB, (5) \u03b2E2 inhibited the increased interleukin\u201018 (IL\u201018) expression, and (6) treatment with tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist, blocked \u03b2E2\u2010mediated activation of Akt and inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation in the retinas of DBA\/2J mice. These findings suggest the possible involvement of multiple biochemical events, including estrogen receptor\/Akt\/CREB\/thioredoxin\u20101, and estrogen receptor\/MAPK\/NF\u2010\u03baB, in estrogen\u2010mediated retinal ganglion cell protection. \u00a9 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,9]],"date-time":"2007-02-09T18:12:58Z","timestamp":1171044778000},"page":"603-616","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Retinal ganglion cell protection by 17\u2010\u03b2\u2010estradiol in a mouse model of inherited glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Steven 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