{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:25:55Z","timestamp":1791113155429,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,18]],"date-time":"2007-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1182124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are several common features between the pineal organ and the lateral eye in their developmental and evolutionary aspects. The avian pineal is a photoendocrine organ that originates from the diencephalon roof and represents a transitional type between the photosensory organ of lower vertebrates and the endocrine gland of mammals. Previous cell culture studies have shown that embryonic avian pineal cells retain a wide spectrum of differentiative capacities, although little is known about the mechanisms involved in their fate determination. In the present study, we investigated the effects of various cell growth factors on the differentiation of photoreceptor and neural cell types using pineal cell cultures from quail embryos. The results show that IGF\u20101 promotes differentiation of rhodopsin\u2010immunoreactive cells, but had no effect on neural cell differentiation. Simultaneous administration of EGF and IGF\u20101 further enhanced differentiation of rhodopsin\u2010immunoreactive cells, although the mechanism of the synergistic effect is unknown. FGF\u20101 did not stimulate proliferation of neural progenitor cells, but intensively promoted and maintained expression of a neural cell phenotype. FGF\u20101 appeared to lead to the conversion from an epithelial (endocrinal) to a neuronal type. It also enhanced phenotypic expression of retinal ganglion cell markers but rather suppressed expression of an amacrine cell marker. These results indicate that growth factors are important regulatory cues for pineal cell differentiation and suggest that they play roles in determining the fate of the pineal organ and the eye. It can be speculated that the differences in environmental cues between the retina and pineal may result in the transition of the pineal primordium from a potentially ocular (retinal) organ to a photoendocrine organ. \u00a9 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,18]],"date-time":"2007-06-18T15:16:32Z","timestamp":1182179792000},"page":"1641-1654","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Differential enhancement of neural and photoreceptor cell differentiation of cultured pineal cells by FGF\u20101, IGF\u20101, and 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