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Here, we have further analyzed the effect of UCB on nerve cell differentiation and neuronal development, addressing how UCB may affect the viability of undifferentiated neural precursor cells and their fate decisions, as well as the development of hippocampal neurons in terms of dendritic and axonal elongation and branching, the axonal growth cone morphology, and the establishment of dendritic spines and synapses. Our results indicate that UCB reduces the viability of proliferating neural precursors, decreases neurogenesis without affecting astrogliogenesis, and increases cellular dysfunction in differentiating cells. In addition, an early exposure of neurons to UCB decreases the number of dendritic and axonal branches at 3 and 9 days <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> (DIV), and a higher number of neurons showed a smaller growth cone area. UCB\u2010treated neurons also reveal a decreased density of dendritic spines and synapses at 21 DIV. Such deleterious role of UCB in neuronal differentiation, development, and plasticity may compromise the performance of the brain in later life. \u00a9 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T15:21:33Z","timestamp":1242400893000},"page":"568-582","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Bilirubin as a determinant for altered neurogenesis, neuritogenesis, and synaptogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Adelaide","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana 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