{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T09:12:21Z","timestamp":1700644341191},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,27]],"date-time":"2012-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The spinal cord of rats contains the sexually dimorphic, steroid\u2010sensitive motoneurons of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB). In males, SNB dendrite growth is dependent on gonadal steroids: dendrite growth is inhibited after castration, but supported in androgen\u2010 or estrogen\u2010treated castrated males. Furthermore, estrogenic support of SNB dendrite growth is mediated by estrogen action at the target musculature, inhibited by estrogen receptor (ER) blockade at the muscle and supported by local estradiol treatment. However, this estrogenic support is restricted to the early postnatal period, after which the morphology of SNB dendrites is insensitive to estrogens. To test if the developmentally restricted effects of estrogens on SNB dendrite growth coincide with the transient expression of ER in the target musculature, ER\u03b1 expression was assessed during development and in adulthood. ER\u03b1 expression in extra\u2010Muscle fiber cells was greatest from postnatal day 7 (P7) to P14 and declined after P21. Because this pattern of ER\u03b1 expression coincided with the period of estrogen\u2010dependent dendrite growth, we tested if limiting hormone exposure to the period of maximal ER\u03b1 expression in extra\u2010muscle fiber cells could fully support estrogen\u2010dependent SNB dendrite growth. We restricted estradiol treatment in castrated males from P7 to P21 and assessed SNB dendritic morphology at P28. Treating castrates with estradiol implants at the muscle from P7 to P21 supported dendrite growth to normal levels through P28. These data suggest that the transient ER\u03b1 expression in target muscle could potentially define the critical period for estrogen\u2010dependent dendrite growth in SNB motoneurons. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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