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One example is the reorganization of peripheral nerves in the abdomen, where five pairs of abdominal nerves (A4\u2013A8) fuse to form the terminal nerve trunk. This reorganization is associated with selective remodeling of four layers that ensheath each peripheral nerve. The neural lamella (NL), is the first to dismantle; its breakdown is initiated by 6 hours after puparium formation, and is completely removed by the end of the first day. This layer begins to re\u2010appear on the third day of metamorphosis. Perineurial glial (PG) cells situated just underneath the NL, undergo significant proliferation on the first day of metamorphosis, and at that stage contribute to 95% of the glial cell population. Cells of the two inner layers, Sub\u2010Perineurial Glia (SPG) and Wrapping Glia (WG) increase in number on the second half of metamorphosis. Induction of cell death in perineurial glia via the cell death gene <jats:italic>reaper<\/jats:italic> and the <jats:italic>Diptheria toxin (DT\u20101)<\/jats:italic> gene, results in abnormal bundling of the peripheral nerves, suggesting that perineurial glial cells play a role in the process. A significant number of animals fail to eclose in both <jats:italic>reaper<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>DT\u20101<\/jats:italic> targeted animals, suggesting that disruption of PG also impacts eclosion behavior. The studies will help to establish the groundwork for further work on cellular and molecular processes that underlie the co\u2010ordinated remodeling of glia and the peripheral nerves they ensheath. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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