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The extent of damage may vary from mild to severe, differently affecting patient vision, with the most severe forms leading to complete uni\u2010 or bilateral visual loss. The aim of researchers and clinicians in the field is to alleviate the symptoms of these, yet uncurable pathologies, taking advantage of known and novel potential therapeutic approaches, alone or in combinations, and applying them in a limited time window after the insult. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological and clinical profile as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms of two main categories of optic nerve pathologies, namely traumatic optic neuropathy and optic neuritis, focusing on the demyelinating form of the latter. Moreover, we report on the main rodent models mimicking these pathologies or some of their clinical aspects. The current treatment options will also be reviewed and novel approaches will be discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T05:32:51Z","timestamp":1562909571000},"page":"819-836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Models and treatments for traumatic optic neuropathy and demyelinating optic neuritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"George G.","family":"Bastakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Crete Faculty of Medicine Heraklion Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niki","family":"Ktena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Crete Faculty of Medicine Heraklion Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Heraklion Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domna","family":"Karagogeos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Crete Faculty of Medicine Heraklion Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Heraklion Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9094-1055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Savvaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Crete Faculty of Medicine Heraklion Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Heraklion Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2001.00705.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.5.1244"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(82)34769-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0936-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100020014004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090060061023"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202273260901"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00862-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.7.944"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1394.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28334"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021603"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(89)80215-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/nen.0b013e3181462841"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","volume-title":"Kanski's clinical ophthalmology: A systematic approach","author":"Bowling J. 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