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Furthermore, such universal patterns are also produced by birds that are experimentally tutored with songs containing randomly sequenced syllables (\u201ctutored birds\u201d). Despite extensive demonstrations of learning biases, much remains to be uncovered about the nature of biological predispositions that bias song learning and production in songbirds. Here, we examined the degree to which \u201cinnate\u201d auditory templates and\/or biases in vocal motor production contribute to vocal learning biases and production in zebra finches. Such contributions can be revealed by examining acoustic patterns in the songs of birds raised without sensory exposure to song (\u201cuntutored birds\u201d) or of birds that are unable to hear from early in development (\u201cearly\u2010deafened birds\u201d). We observed that untutored zebra finches and early\u2010deafened zebra finches produce songs with positional variation in some acoustic features (e.g., mean frequency) that resemble universal patterns observed in tutored birds. Similar to tutored birds, early\u2010deafened birds also produced song motifs with alternation in acoustic features across adjacent syllables. That universal acoustic patterns are observed in the songs of both untutored and early\u2010deafened birds highlights the contribution motor production biases to the emergence of universals in culturally transmitted behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T18:05:32Z","timestamp":1587751532000},"page":"132-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Manipulations of sensory experiences during development reveal mechanisms underlying vocal learning biases in zebra finches"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Logan S.","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology McGill University Montreal QC Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Research in Brain, Language and Music McGill University Montreal Quebec 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in Brain, Language and Music McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Center for Studies of Behavioral Neurobiology Concordia University Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1993.1170"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah6799"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","article-title":"Package \u201clme4","volume":"12","author":"Bates 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