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The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is closely associated with fetal brain development. We hypothesized that mTOR signaling might be involved in fetal brain injury and malformation when fetuses are exposed to the IUI environment. A well\u2010established IUI model was utilized by intrauterine injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to explore the effect of IUI on mTOR signaling in mouse fetal brains. We found that microglia activation in LPS fetal brains was increased, as demonstrated by elevated Iba\u20101 protein level and immunofluorescence density. LPS fetal brains also showed reduced neuronal cell counts, decreased cell proliferation demonstrated by low Ki67\u2010positive density, and elevated neuron apoptosis evidenced by high expression of cleaved Caspase 3. Furthermore, we found that mTOR signaling in LPS fetal brains was elevated at 2\u00a0hr after LPS treatment, declined at 6\u00a0hr and showed overall inhibition at 24\u00a0hr. In summary, our study revealed that LPS\u2010induced IUI leads to increased activation of microglia cells, neuronal damage, and dynamic alterations in mTOR signaling in the mouse fetal brain. Our findings indicate that abnormal changes in mTOR signaling may underlie the development of future neurological complications in offspring exposed to prenatal IUI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,25]],"date-time":"2020-04-25T07:58:55Z","timestamp":1587801535000},"page":"149-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The effect of intrauterine inflammation on mTOR signaling in mouse fetal brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6786-1057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Reproductive Medical Center Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3641-2114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada A.","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Yeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Chudnovets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Reproductive Medical Center Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Burd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000224825.57976.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37932"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Outline of veterinary clinical pathology","author":"Benjamin M. 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