{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:10:22Z","timestamp":1790363422979,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>New rehabilitation programs based on action observation therapy (AOT) are effective in improving motor function in children with congenital hemiplegia. In this pilot study we tested the potential effects of AOT on the reorganization of the motor system by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As part of a randomized trial, eight subjects (age range: 6.2\u201314.5\u00a0years) with congenital hemiplegia were randomly assigned to an experimental (EG) or control (CG) group. All children underwent a clinical and neurophysiological assessment with Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), MRI, and fMRI at baseline (T0), 1(T1), and 8(T2) weeks after the end of 3\u2010week treatment. For the EG, AOT consisted in the observation of uni\/bimanual goal\u2010directed actions followed by their execution. CG watched same\u2010duration computer games and then performed the same actions in the same order used in the EG. fMRI study was carried out using two different paradigms, for exploring sensory\u2010motor network (SMN) localization and action observation network (AON). The pattern of brain activation was generally similar between T0 and T1 for both groups, while it was more widespread at T2, compared to T0 and T1, in the EG. This enlargement was coupled with functional improvement at AHA. Single\u2010subject analysis shows a reduction of lateralization indexes both for the AON and the SMN. This pilot study, despite the small sample, showed the fMRI feasibility for providing relevant biomarkers of brain plasticity for monitoring the AOT response in children with congenital hemiplegia. The study was registered at <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> (identifier NCT01016496).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T18:19:31Z","timestamp":1601317171000},"page":"351-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Reorganization of action observation and sensory\u2010motor networks after action observation therapy in children with congenital hemiplegia: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1081-1766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Sgandurra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2159-439X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Biagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Physics and Magnetic Resonance IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3348-039X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Fogassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6166-1350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Sicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3868-0059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Guzzetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2515-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Tosetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Physics and Magnetic Resonance IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6526-5566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2009.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2012.04334.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4843985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1533-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-973499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"331","volume-title":"The spastic forms of cerebral palsy. 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