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Intense expression of SST in these regions on embryonic days (E) 5\u20138 coincides with the migration of neurons producing gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH) from the OE to the forebrain (FB), suggesting that SST plays a role in the development of GnRH neurons. Using in ovo electroporation of small interfering RNA, we found that the suppression of SST mRNA in the olfactory placode (OP) of E3.5 chick embryos significantly reduced the number of GnRH and Islet\u20101\u2010immunoreactive neurons in the nasal region without affecting the entry of GnRH neurons into the FB at E5.5\u20136. SST knockdown did not lead to changes in the number of apoptotic, proliferating, or HuC\/D\u2010positive neuronal cells in the OE; therefore, it is possible that SST is involved in the neurogenesis\/differentiation of GnRH neurons and OP\u2010derived GnRH\u2010negative migratory neurons. In whole OP explant cultures, we also found that SST or its analog octreotide treatment significantly increased the number of migratory GnRH neurons and the migratory distance from the explants. The co\u2010application of an SST antagonist blocked the octreotide\u2010induced increase in the number of GnRH neurons. Furthermore, the fasciculation of polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule\u2010immunoreactive fibers emerging from the explants was dependent on octreotide. Taken together, our results provide evidence that SST exerts facilitatory effects on the development of neurons expressing GnRH or Islet\u20101 and on GnRH neuronal migration, in addition to olfactory\u2010related fiber fasciculation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T02:46:17Z","timestamp":1702262777000},"page":"3-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Somatostatin affects GnRH neuronal development and migration and stimulates olfactory\u2010related fiber fasciculation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9813-1118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shizuko","family":"Murakami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo 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