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Although traditionally viewed as a neuron\u2010centric disorder, increasing evidence underscores the pivotal role of glial cells\u2014particularly microglia and astrocytes\u2014in AD pathogenesis. Once regarded as passive support cells, glia are now recognized as active participants in neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and disease progression. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, and astrocytes, key regulators of homeostasis and neurotransmission, undergo significant phenotypic changes in response to AD pathology. These include polarization into pro\u2010inflammatory states, impaired clearance of pathological proteins, and detrimental cross talk that amplifies neuroinflammation and neuronal injury. This review synthesizes current literature on the dualistic roles of glial cells in AD, highlighting their contributions to A\u03b2 and tau pathology, synapse loss, demyelination, neurotransmission deficits, and the neuroinflammatory cycle. 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