{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:18:23Z","timestamp":1761895103165,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,15]],"date-time":"2010-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1276560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bromide is a sedative hypnotic. Due to its potential use as a sedative or calmative agent in competition horses, a method to control bromide is needed. Colorimetric method had been employed in the authors' laboratory from 2003 for the semi\u2010quantification of bromide in equine plasma samples. However, the method was found to be highly susceptible to matrix interference, and was replaced in 2008 with a more reliable inductively coupled plasma\u2010mass spectrometry (ICP\/MS) method. Equine plasma was protein\u2010precipitated using trichloroacetic acid, diluted with nitric acid, and then submitted directly to ICP\/MS analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Since bromide is naturally occurring in equine plasma, a threshold is necessary to control its misuse in horses. Based on population studies (n = 325), a threshold of 90 \u00b5g\/mL was proposed (with a risk factor of less than 1 in 10 000). Using the ICP\/MS screening method, equine plasma samples with bromide greater than 85 \u00b5g\/mL would be further quantified using the more accurate ICP\/MS standard addition method. Confirmation of bromide was achieved by gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS), with the bromide detected as its pentafluorobenzyl derivative. A sample is considered positive if its plasma bromide concentration exceeds the threshold (90 \u00b5g\/mL) plus the measurement uncertainty of the quantification method (8 \u00b5g\/mL at 99% 1\u2010tailed confidence level) and its presence is confirmed using the GC\u2010MS method.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Following oral administration of potassium bromide (60 g each) to two geldings, plasma bromide levels peaked after approximately 2 hours at about 300 \u00b5g\/mL, and then remained above the threshold for 8 and 13 days respectively. Copyright \u00a9 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,15]],"date-time":"2010-06-15T09:36:12Z","timestamp":1276594572000},"page":"323-329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Control of the misuse of bromide in horses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Emmie N. 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