{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:11:26Z","timestamp":1760487086781,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,18]],"date-time":"2013-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In animal breeding in Europe, synthetic corticosteroids are not allowed as growth\u2010promoting agents. However, prednisolone residues have recently been found in porcine urine samples collected at slaughterhouses. The aim of this work was therefore to look for prednisolone in porcine urine and liver, to determine if detected residues might be of endogenous origin, and to check the possible relation with stress. An analytical method developed in\u2010house was validated, combining immunoaffinity\u2010based purification and ultra\u2010high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC\u2010MS\/MS). This method was applied to urine and liver samples collected from sows experimentally treated either with prednisolone or tetracosactide hexaacetate (synthetic analogue of ACTH). Thanks to the performance of the analytical method, both cortisol and prednisolone were detected in all pig urine samples collected before or after administration of prednisolone or tetracosactide hexaacetate. High levels of prednisolone were found in porcine urine just after prednisolone administration, decreasing quickly to within the range detected in non\u2010treated animals. In urine, the cortisol level varied depending on the time lapse between administration and sampling. On the other hand, prednisolone was detected also in liver samples of treated pigs. In this matrix, the cortisol level remained constant and prednisolone\/cortisol level could be used to detect prednisolone administration at least 4\u2009days after injection. In conclusion, the best indicator for detecting illicit prednisolone administration to pigs seems to be the prednisolone\/cortisol ratio in liver samples. This preliminary work must be confirmed by a larger\u2010scale study and metabolites should also be included. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,18]],"date-time":"2013-04-18T01:24:46Z","timestamp":1366248286000},"page":"325-335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Preliminary study on the presence of prednisolone in porcine urine and liver \u2013 How to distinguish endogenous from therapeutically administered prednisolone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Delahaut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CER Groupe Health Department  rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900 Marloie Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Demoulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CER Groupe Health Department  rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900 Marloie Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Gillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CER Groupe Health Department  rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900 Marloie Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Fichant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CER Groupe Health Department  rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900 Marloie Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Courtheyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain CA Botanique \u2010 Food Safety Center \u2010 Boulevard du Jardin Botanique 55  1000 Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"616","volume-title":"Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics","author":"McDonald L.E.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"EMEA\/MRL\/629\/99\u2010FINAL. Prednisolone (as free alcohol) summary report \u2013 Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products EMEA July1999."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"EMA\/CVMP\/404452\/2012. MRL summary opinion. Prednisolone. Equidae. Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use EMA June2012 pp.1."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.02.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.3066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"E.deRijcke D.Samson P.Zoontjes S.Sterk.Prednisolone an Update. Annual EURL workshop 1st November2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.6169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2012.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"X.Van Huffel.Prednisolone dans l'urine de porcs. Etat des choses. Presentation at the Belgian Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain 27 October2012 Brussels Belgium."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(97)00222-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2010.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Detection of prednisolone, prednisone and 20\u2010dihydroprednisolone in human and equine urine by means of LC\u2010MS\/MS. Recent advances in doping analysis","volume":"11","author":"Gotzmann A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sport und Buch Strausse, K\u00f6ln"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Identification of prednisolone, methylprednisolone and their metabolites in human urine using HPLC (+) ESI\u2010MS\/MS and detection of possible adulteration in Indian herbal drug preparations","volume":"44","author":"Shobha A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ibnosina J. Med. 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