{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T18:47:19Z","timestamp":1774896439009,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]],"date-time":"2013-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Opiates comprise a class of abused drugs that is of primary interest in clinical and forensic urine drug testing. Determination of heroin, codeine, or a multi\u2010drug ingestion is complicated since both heroin and codeine can lead to urinary excretion of free and conjugated morphine. Liquid chromatography\u2010tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2010MS\/MS) offers advantage over gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry by simplifying sample preparation but increases the number of analytes. A method based on direct injection of five\u2010fold diluted urine for confirmation of morphine, morphine\u20103\u2010glucuronide, morphine\u20106\u2010glucuronide, codeine, codeine\u20106\u2010glucuronide and 6\u2010acetylmorphine was validated using LC\u2010MS\/MS in positive electrospray mode monitoring two transitions using selected reaction monitoring. The method was applied for the analysis of 3155 unknown urine samples which were positive for opiates in immunochemical screening. A linear response was observed for all compounds in the calibration curves covering more than three orders of magnitude. Cut off was set to 2\u2009ng\/ml for 6\u2010acetylmorphine and 150\u2009ng\/ml for the other analytes. 6\u2010Acetylmorphine was found to be effective (sensitivity 82%) in detecting samples as heroin intake. Morphine\u20103\u2010glucuronide and codeine\u20106\u2010glucuronide was the predominant components of total morphine and codeine, 84% and 93%, respectively. The authors have validated a robust LC\u2010MS\/MS method for rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of opiates in urine. 6\u2010Acetylmorphine has been demonstrated as a sensitive and important parameter for a heroin intake. A possible interpretation strategy to conclude the source of detected analytes was proposed. The method might be further developed by reducing the number of analytes to morphine\u20103\u2010glucuronide, codeine\u20106\u2010glucuronide and 6\u2010acetylmorphine without compromising test performance. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]],"date-time":"2013-05-29T15:44:46Z","timestamp":1369842286000},"page":"317-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Direct and efficient liquid chromatographic\u2010tandem mass spectrometric method for opiates in urine drug testing \u2013 importance of 6\u2010acetylmorphine and reduction of analytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Andersson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology Karolinska Institute and University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolai","family":"Stephanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology Karolinska Institute and University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inger","family":"\u00d6hman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology Karolinska Institute and University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommy","family":"Terzuoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology Karolinska Institute and University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonatan D","family":"Lindh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology Karolinska Institute and University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olof","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology Karolinska Institute and University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157488406775268219"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ftd.0000211812.27558.6e"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329503200203"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2010.02373.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13096J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/21.6.427"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/15.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human UGT2B7 catalyzes morphine glucuronidation","volume":"25","author":"Coffman B.L.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Metab. 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