{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T14:53:20Z","timestamp":1794322400815,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]],"date-time":"2013-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Therapeutic drug concentrations measured in plasma are of limited value as reference intervals for interpretation in post\u2010mortem (PM) toxicology. In this study, drug concentration distributions were studied in PM femoral venous blood from 57 903 Finnish autopsy cases representing all causes of death during an 11\u2010year period. Cause\u2010of\u2010death information was obtained from death certificates issued by forensic pathologists. Median, mean, and upper percentile (90th, 95th, 97.5th) concentrations were calculated for 129 drugs. To illustrate how PM median concentrations relate to established therapeutic ranges in plasma, a PM blood\/plasma relationship was calculated for each drug. Males represented 75% of the subjects and showed a lower median age (55 yrs) than females (59 yrs). In 43% of these cases, blood alcohol concentration was higher than 0.2\u2030, and the median was 1.8\u2030. Sixty\u2010one (47%) of the 129 drugs showed a PM blood\/plasma relationship of 1. For 22 drugs (17%), the relationship was &lt;1, and for 46 drugs (35%), the relationship was &gt;1. No marked correlation was found between the PM blood\/plasma relationship and the volume of distribution (V\n                    <jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). For 36 drugs, more than 10% of cases were fatal poisonings attributed to this drug as the main finding. These drug concentration distributions based on a large database provide a helpful reference not only to forensic toxicologists and pathologists but also to clinical pharmacologists in charge of interpreting drug concentrations in PM cases. \u00a9 2013 The Authors.\n                    <jats:italic>Drug Testing and Analysis<\/jats:italic>\n                    published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T10:07:20Z","timestamp":1374660440000},"page":"308-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Drug concentrations in post\u2010mortem femoral blood compared with therapeutic concentrations in plasma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Terhi","family":"Launiainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute Department of Forensic Medicine  PO Box\u200940 (Kyt\u00f6suontie 11) FI\u201000014 Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilkka","family":"Ojanper\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute Department of Forensic Medicine  PO Box\u200940 (Kyt\u00f6suontie 11) FI\u201000014 Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11441"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385467-4.00001-4","volume-title":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Newer Drugs and Biomarkers","author":"Dasgupta A.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"A Compendium of pharmacological, therapeutic and toxicological data on 136 drugs and chemicals in humans","volume":"17","author":"Osselton M.D.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bull. 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