{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T12:29:36Z","timestamp":1769603376206,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]],"date-time":"2014-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The drug content of hair may be affected by washing, chemical or thermal treatments, the use of cosmetics, or exposure to the environment. Knowledge concerning the effect of natural or artificial light on drug content in hair can be helpful to the forensic toxicologist, in particular when investigating drug concentrations above or below pre\u2010determined cut\u2010offs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The photodegradation of methadone and its metabolite, 2\u2010ethyl\u20101,5\u2010dimethyl\u20103,3\u2010diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) was studied in authentic positive hair samples by comparing drug concentrations determined by liquid chromatrography\u2010high resolution mass spectrometry before and after exposure to UVB light (<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> study). The same approach was applied in order to investigate the light sensitivity of opiates (6\u2010monoacetylmorphine and morphine) and cocainics (cocaine and benzoylecgonine) in true positive hair. The yields of photodegradation were calculated for each drug class in eight different positive hair samples irradiated by UVB at 300\u2009J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> obtaining averages, ranges and standard deviations. In parallel, the photostability of all the compounds as 10<jats:sup>\u20105<\/jats:sup>\u201310<jats:sup>\u20104<\/jats:sup>\u2009M standard solutions in methanol were examined by means of UVB light irradiation in the range 0\u2013100\u2009J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> followed by UV\/Vis spectroscopic analysis and direct infusion electrospray ionization\u2010high resolution mass spectrometry (<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> study). In hair, methadone was shown to be significantly affected by light (photodegradation of 55% on average), while its metabolite EDDP proved to be more photostable (17%). 6\u2010monoacetylmorphine, morphine, benzoylecgonine, and cocaine were more photostable than methadone <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> (on average, 21%, 17%, 20%, and 11% of degradation, respectively). When irradiated in standard solutions, the target molecules exhibited a larger photodegradation than <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> with the exception of cocaine (photodegradation for methadone up to 70%, 6\u2010monoacetylmorphine and morphine up to 90%, benzoylecgonine up to 67%, cocaine up to 15%). Some factors possibly affecting the yields of photodegradation in hair and partially explaining the differences observed between the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> studies were also investigated, such as the colour of hair (the role of melanin) and the integrity of the keratin matrix. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]],"date-time":"2014-05-09T08:42:49Z","timestamp":1399624969000},"page":"78-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A study on photodegradation of methadone, EDDP, and other drugs of abuse in hair exposed to controlled UVB radiation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Donata","family":"Favretto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Forensic Toxicology and Antidoping University Hospital of Padova  Via Falloppio 50 I\u201035121 Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Tucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Forensic Toxicology and Antidoping University Hospital of Padova  Via Falloppio 50 I\u201035121 Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Monaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Forensic Toxicology and Antidoping University Hospital of Padova  Via Falloppio 50 I\u201035121 Padova Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova  via Marzolo 5 I\u201035121 Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santo Davide","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Forensic Toxicology and Antidoping University Hospital of Padova  Via Falloppio 50 I\u201035121 Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Miolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova  via Marzolo 5 I\u201035121 Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2006.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ftd.0000211811.27558.b5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007707"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050056"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(96)02047-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2012.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.11.1846","article-title":"Stability of cannabinoids in hair samples exposed to sunlight","volume":"46","author":"Skopp G.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. 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