{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T01:05:54Z","timestamp":1760403954470,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]],"date-time":"2014-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the current study, buprenorphine (BUP) and its major metabolite, nor\u2010buprenorphine (NBUP), were determined in hair samples from former heroin users following Suboxone\u00ae treatment. Hair samples from 36 subjects were analyzed. The drugs of interest were isolated from hair by solid\u2010liquid extraction with methanol and were determined by liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry, using an electrospray ionization interface. The analytical parameters of the method (such as linearity, limits of quantification, recovery, accuracy, and precision) were determined. The inter\u2010quartile range of BUP levels was from 11.4 to 37.4\u2009pg\/mg (mean value 56.6\u2009pg\/mg) for the proximal hair segment, from 5.8 to 43.3\u2009pg\/mg for the middle hair segment (mean value 25.3\u2009pg\/mg), while a range from 4.3 to 33.9\u2009pg\/mg (mean value 105.2\u2009pg\/mg) for the distant to the root hair segment was determined. For NBUP the corresponding inter\u2010quartile range was from 27.0 to 147.6 for the proximal segment (mean value 95.4\u2009pg\/mg), from 21.5 to 164.7\u2009pg\/mg for the middle segment (mean value 102.0\u2009pg\/mg) and from 20.4 to 103.6\u2009pg\/mg for the distant segment (mean value 156.8\u2009pg\/mg). The mean BUP\/NBUP concentration ratio was 0.5. The daily dose of Suboxone\u00ae correlated significantly with BUP and NBUP levels in hair (p\u2009=\u20090.001 and p\u2009=\u20090.023) as well as with the BUP\/NBUP ratio (p\u2009=\u20090.010). No significant correlation was found between the levels of BUP and NBUP and the duration of Suboxone\u00ae administration. The developed and validated method was successfully used for the determination of BUP and NBUP in hair samples collected from former heroin users under Suboxone\u00ae treatment. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]],"date-time":"2014-05-09T08:42:49Z","timestamp":1399624969000},"page":"93-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Buprenorphine and nor\u2010buprenorphine levels in head hair samples from former heroin users under Suboxone\u00ae treatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Stamatis","family":"Belivanis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Toxicology Science &amp;Research, Medical School University of Crete  Heraklion Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manolis N.","family":"Tzatzarakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Toxicology Science &amp;Research, Medical School University of Crete  Heraklion Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Vakonaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Toxicology Science &amp;Research, Medical School University of Crete  Heraklion Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leda","family":"Kovatsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Mantsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Greek National Organization Against Drugs  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Alegakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Toxicology Science &amp;Research, Medical School University of Crete  Heraklion Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthaios P.","family":"Kavvalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Toxicology Science &amp;Research, Medical School University of Crete  Heraklion Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dionisios","family":"Vynias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Toxicology Science &amp;Research, Medical School University of Crete  Heraklion Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aristidis M.","family":"Tsatsakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Toxicology Science &amp;Research, Medical School University of Crete  Heraklion Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2010.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Transdermal buprenorphine in the management of persistent pain\u2010safety aspects","volume":"2","author":"Likar R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Therapeut. 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