{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T22:43:17Z","timestamp":1780958597266,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]],"date-time":"2014-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission DG Justice","award":["JUST\/2011\/DPIP\/AG\/3597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JUST\/2011\/DPIP\/AG\/3597"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Designer benzodiazepines, first offered in online shops selling \u2018research chemicals\u2019 in 2012, provide an attractive alternative to prescription\u2010only benzodiazepines as they are readily available over the Internet at a low price. However, as data regarding pharmacokinetic parameters, metabolism, and detectability in biological fluids are limited, they present a challenge for forensic laboratories. Most recently, diclazepam (other names: 2\u2010chlorodiazepam, Ro 5\u20103448 or 7\u2010chloro\u20105\u2010(2\u2010chlorophenyl)\u20101\u2010methyl\u20101,3\u2010dihydro\u20102<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\u20101,4\u2010benzodiazepin\u20102\u2010one) emerged as a new compound in this class of drugs. In this paper, this new designer benzodiazepine was characterized utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS) as well as liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2010MS\/MS) techniques. Furthermore, a self\u2010experiment was performed to gain preliminary data on pharmacokinetic properties and to identify the main metabolites. For this purpose, one tablet of diclazepam (declared amount: 1\u2009mg) was ingested by one of the authors, and serum as well as urine samples were collected for 14 and 21\u2009days, respectively. Based on this study, diclazepam has an approximate elimination half\u2010life of 42\u2009h and is metabolized into the pharmacologically active benzodiazepines delorazepam, lorazepam, and lormetazepam which can be detected in urine for 6, 19, and 11\u2009days, respectively, when applying the presented LC\u2010MS\/MS method. In serum, the consumption could be proven between 99\u2009h post\u2010intake targeting the parent compound and up to 10\u2009days targeting the metabolite delorazepam. As immunochemical assays are applied for screening purposes quite often, detectability using this technique was assessed, especially since detection of low\u2010dosed benzodiazepines can be sometimes problematic. However, only one of the utilized immunochemical assays was capable of detecting the intake of one tablet diclazepam, and the positive results were restricted to a few urine samples showing relatively high creatinine concentrations. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]],"date-time":"2014-03-06T12:05:58Z","timestamp":1394107558000},"page":"757-763","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Characterization of the designer benzodiazepine diclazepam and preliminary data on its metabolism and pharmacokinetics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Bjoern","family":"Moosmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology Department University Medical Center Freiburg  Albertstr. 9 79104 Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Hermann Staudinger Graduate School University of Freiburg  Hebelstr. 27 79104 Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Bisel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Freiburg  Albertstr. 25 79104 Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Auw\u00e4rter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology Department University Medical Center Freiburg  Albertstr. 9 79104 Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-013-0187-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"EMCDDA.Reporting form on the new drug Pyrazolam. 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