{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:47:14Z","timestamp":1791298034090,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]],"date-time":"2014-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this paper is to assess the utility of coloured hair for the detection of drugs and alcohol in a large statistically significant population. The positivity rate, the 1st, 5th, 50th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of five amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, four opiates, methadone, buprenorphine, seven benzodiazepines, and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in 9488 non\u2010treated and 1026 cosmetically treated (dyed or bleached) authentic hair samples was compared. Analytical methods used were accredited for forensic purposes at the cut\u2010offs defined by the German driving licence re\u2010granting medical and psychological assessment (MPA) guidelines.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Considering only the drug classes for which at least 10 positive samples were detected, the positivity rate in non\u2010treated hair was highest for alcohol (4.50%; measured using EtG at concentrations \u2265 7 pg\/mg hair), followed by THC (2.00%), cocaine (1.75%), and amphetamine (0.59%). While the 1st to 99th percentile range was significantly lower for drugs in treated, compared to non\u2010treated hair, no significant change was observed for EtG. Additionally, no significant difference in the positivity rate was observed between treated hair and non\u2010treated hair for both drugs and EtG. This study is the first attempt to evaluate the influence of cosmetic treatment, mainly dying, on the positivity rate for both drugs and EtG in hair samples submitted routinely for abstinence testing and the first to indicate that dyed and eventually bleached hair is not necessarily useless in detecting drugs and\/or alcohol consumption, thus making coloured hair analysis still useful, often being the only possibility to prove such misuse. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]],"date-time":"2014-05-09T08:42:49Z","timestamp":1399624969000},"page":"110-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Utility of coloured hair for the detection of drugs and alcohol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ronald","family":"Agius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic and Clinical Toxicology  Siemensstra\u00dfe 40 32105 Bad Salzuflen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12787J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007707"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/17.7.389"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(96)01974-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/19.5.331"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0801(199906)13:4<257::AID-BMC830>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(99)00152-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2007.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(02)00412-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02535.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-010-4443-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"R.Klaus M\u00fcller.International Society of Hair Testing Progress in hair analysis for illegal drugs.Workshop Proceedings of the International Society of Hair Testing 18 \u2010 20 June 2000 Sport und Buch Straus Kreischa 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/ata\/2009038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1644"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"178","volume-title":"Beurteilungskriterien: Urteilsbildung in Der Medizinisch\u2010Psychologischen Fahreignungsdiagnostik (German Driving Licence Re\u2010Granting Guidelines)","author":"Schubert W.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"Richtlinie der Gtfch zur qualit\u00e4tssicherung bei forensisch\u2010toxikologischen untersuchungen","volume":"76","author":"GTFCh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxichem Krimtech"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"Anlage zu den richtlinien der Gtfch zur qualit\u00e4tssicherung bei forensisch\u2010toxikologischen untersuchungen anhang C: Anforderungen an die durchf\u00fchrung von analysen. 1. 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