{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T04:57:03Z","timestamp":1771563423052,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]],"date-time":"2014-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Since January 2014, the anti\u2010anginal drug trimetazidine [1\u2010(2,3,4\u2010trimethoxybenzyl)\u2010piperazine] has been classified as prohibited substance by the World Anti\u2010Doping Agency (WADA), necessitating specific and robust detection methods in sports drug testing laboratories. In the present study, the implementation of the intact therapeutic agent into two different initial testing procedures based on gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS) and liquid chromatography\u2010tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2010MS\/MS) is reported, along with the characterization of urinary metabolites by electrospray ionization\u2010high resolution\/high accuracy (tandem) mass spectrometry. For GC\u2010MS analyses, urine samples were subjected to liquid\u2010liquid extraction sample preparation, while LC\u2010MS\/MS analyses were conducted by established \u2018dilute\u2010and\u2010inject\u2019 approaches. Both screening methods were validated for trimetazidine concerning specificity, limits of detection (0.5\u201350\u2009ng\/mL), intra\u2010day and inter\u2010day imprecision (&lt;20%), and recovery (41%) in case of the GC\u2010MS\u2010based method. In addition, major metabolites such as the desmethylated trimetazidine and the corresponding sulfoconjugate, oxo\u2010trimetazidine, and trimetazidine\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010oxide as identified in doping control samples were used to complement the LC\u2010MS\/MS\u2010based assay, although intact trimetazidine was found at highest abundance of the relevant trimetazidine\u2010related analytes in all tested sports drug testing samples. Retrospective data mining regarding doping control analyses conducted between 1999 and 2013 at the Cologne Doping Control Laboratory concerning trimetazidine revealed a considerable prevalence of the drug particularly in endurance and strength sports accounting for up to 39 findings per year. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]],"date-time":"2014-06-09T14:28:27Z","timestamp":1402324107000},"page":"1197-1205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Doping control analysis of trimetazidine and characterization of major metabolites using mass spectrometric approaches"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Gerd","family":"Sigmund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Doping Research \u2013 Institute of Biochemistry German Sport University Cologne  Am Sportpark M\u00fcngersdorf 6 50933 Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Doping Research \u2013 Institute of Biochemistry German Sport University Cologne  Am Sportpark M\u00fcngersdorf 6 50933 Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Katrin","family":"Orlovius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Doping Research \u2013 Institute of Biochemistry German Sport University Cologne  Am Sportpark M\u00fcngersdorf 6 50933 Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Guddat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Doping Research \u2013 Institute of Biochemistry German Sport University Cologne  Am Sportpark M\u00fcngersdorf 6 50933 Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Doping Research \u2013 Institute of Biochemistry German Sport University Cologne  Am Sportpark M\u00fcngersdorf 6 50933 Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilhelm","family":"Sch\u00e4nzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Doping Research \u2013 Institute of Biochemistry German Sport University Cologne  Am Sportpark M\u00fcngersdorf 6 50933 Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Thevis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Doping Research \u2013 Institute of Biochemistry German Sport University Cologne  Am Sportpark M\u00fcngersdorf 6 50933 Cologne Germany"},{"name":"European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA)  Cologne\/Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"J.Servier.Vasodilator and anti\u2010anginose compounds containing methoxy benzyl piperazines and method of using the same. 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