{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:11:38Z","timestamp":1785856298171,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,29]],"date-time":"2016-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Discrimination between street heroin consumption and poppy seed ingestion represents a major toxicological challenge in daily routine work. Several difficulties associated with conventional street heroin markers originate from their versatile occurrence in various poppy seed products and medications, respectively, as well as to small windows of detection. A novel opportunity to overcome these hindrances is represented by the new potential street heroin marker acetylated\u2010thebaine\u20104\u2010metabolite glucuronide (ATM4G), originating from thebaine during street heroin synthesis followed by metabolic reactions after administration. In this study, urine samples after consumption of different German poppy seed products and urine samples from subjects with suspicion of preceding heroin consumption were tested for ATM4G, 6\u2010AC (6\u2010acetylcodeine), papaverine, noscapine, 6\u2010MAM (6\u2010monoacetylmorphine), morphine, and codeine. Neither 6\u2010AC and 6\u2010MAM nor ATM4G but morphine and codeine could be detected in urine samples following poppy seed ingestion. As well, neither papaverine nor noscapine could be observed even after consumption of poppy seeds containing up to 37\u2009\u00b5g noscapine and up to 9.8\u2009\u00b5g papaverine, respectively. Concerning the urine samples with suspicion of preceding heroin consumption, ATM4G could be detected in 9 of 43 cases. By contrast, evidence of 6\u2010AC and 6\u2010MAM, respectively, could only be seen in 7 urine samples. In conclusion, ATM4G should be measured additionally in cases requiring discrimination of street heroin consumption from poppy seed intake. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,26]],"date-time":"2016-08-26T21:42:49Z","timestamp":1472247769000},"page":"470-478","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Urinary excretion study following consumption of various poppy seed products and investigation of the new potential street heroin marker ATM4G"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Maas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bonn, Institute of Forensic Medicine Department of Forensic Toxicology  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bonn, Institute of Forensic Medicine Department of Forensic Toxicology  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Sydow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bonn, Institute of Forensic Medicine Department of Forensic Toxicology  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pai\u2010Shan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei 100 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Dame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Toxicological Centre  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Musshoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Toxicological Centre  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd W.K.","family":"Diehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectral Service AG  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burkhard","family":"Madea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bonn, Institute of Forensic Medicine Department of Forensic Toxicology  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelius","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bonn, Institute of Forensic Medicine Department of Forensic Toxicology  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Principles of Addiction: Comprehensive Addictive Behaviors and Disorders, Volume 1","author":"Miller P. 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