{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T15:28:30Z","timestamp":1769268510824,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]],"date-time":"2017-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"General Administration Quality Supervision and Quarantine of the PRC","award":["T2015-HBQTS-0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2015-HBQTS-0004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The widespread use of tetracyclines (TCs) in food animals has led to concerns regarding unsafe residue levels in feed, food and manure. The determination of TCs in such matrices suffers from interference by the interactions between proteins and TCs. Three deproteination methods were compared in this study. In contrast with acid deproteination, which caused a large loss of TCs due to the strong adsorption of TCs on protein precipitates, a normal enzymatic hydrolysis was confirmed to have a merit of effectively releasing TCs from protein matrices, but required treatment time as long as 16\u00a0h. The adoption of ultrasound irradiation was proposed to shorten the enzymatic hydrolysis time. After investigating the effects of ultrasound power and irradiation time, the conditions of the ultrasound\u2010enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis were optimized as ultrasound power of 100\u00a0W and irradiation time of 6\u00a0min. The ultrasound\u2010enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis treatment of 6\u00a0min yielded recovery of TCs (from protein\u2010containing matrices) as high as that obtained by the normal enzymatic hydrolysis treatment of 16\u00a0h. The acceleration effect of ultrasound irradiation was attributed to ultrasound\u2010induced cavitation, which increased exposure of both the functional groups of trypsin and the C\u2010terminal amino acid in the protein that was a cleavage site for trypsin attack. When the ultrasound\u2010enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis method was used to determine TCs in complex matrices, it was found that this new method achieved recoveries of 89.5, 117.7, 110.4 and 100.0% for oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline, being much higher than those (29.6\u201339.4%) obtained using the common acid deproteination process. 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