{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:48:42Z","timestamp":1790833722640,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,2]],"date-time":"2017-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"IFCE (Institut Fran\u00e7ais du Cheval et de l'Equitation)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the availability on the European market of the vaccine Improvac\u00ae dedicated to male pig immunological castration, the risk of misuse of this product in horses is now considered as a threat for the horseracing industry. Immunological castration is not allowed by the racing codes (immune system, Article 6). Indeed, this vaccination against the hypothalamic hormone luteinizing hormone\u2010releasing hormone or gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH) will prevent the release from the anterior pituitary of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, which are required for the development and activity of gonads in males (testes) and female (ovaries) and therefore all their subsequent physiological functions. This treatment will induce a strong hormonal variation resulting in a behaviour modification of the animals.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In this work, four male standardbreds treated with Improvac\u00ae vaccine (two intramuscular injections within 4\u00a0weeks) were studied. Monitoring of the total scrotal width showed a decrease of the scrotum size (37%) and production of anti\u2010GnRH antibodies was detected up to 200\u00a0days after the first injection. Anti\u2010GnRH antibodies were detected in plasma after caprylic acid precipitation followed by an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a rapid and efficient screening method applicable to routine analysis. These results were correlated to a switch of the sexual status from male group to gelding\/female group obtained by a steroidomic approach with urine based on ten endogenous compounds. Copyright \u00a9 2017 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,11]],"date-time":"2017-03-11T04:53:11Z","timestamp":1489207991000},"page":"1432-1440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Two complementary methods to control gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone vaccination (Improvac\u00ae) misuse in horseracing: Enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay test in plasma and steroidomics in urine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0864-1959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludovic","family":"Bailly\u2010Chouriberry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques  15 rue de Paradis 91370 Verri\u00e8res\u2010le\u2010Buisson France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8306-5923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benoit","family":"Loup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques  15 rue de Paradis 91370 Verri\u00e8res\u2010le\u2010Buisson France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5179-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie\u2010Agn\u00e8s","family":"Popot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques  15 rue de Paradis 91370 Verri\u00e8res\u2010le\u2010Buisson France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Laure","family":"Dreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire des Biotechnologies de la Reproduction \u00c9cole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Nantes  ONIRIS BP 40706 44307 Nantes cedex 03 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0402-0223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrice","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques  15 rue de Paradis 91370 Verri\u00e8res\u2010le\u2010Buisson France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Bruyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire des Biotechnologies de la Reproduction \u00c9cole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Nantes  ONIRIS BP 40706 44307 Nantes cedex 03 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Bonnaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques  15 rue de Paradis 91370 Verri\u00e8res\u2010le\u2010Buisson France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-14-0070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Vaccination of boars with a GnRH vaccine (Improvac) eliminates boar taint and increases growth performance","author":"Dunshea F. 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