{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:24:33Z","timestamp":1787167473602,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,27]],"date-time":"2017-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Harm reduction services, including needle\u2010exchange programmes, have been implemented in Switzerland for over 20\u00a0years. Their main aim is to lessen the negative social and\/or physical consequences associated with illicit drug consumption and, therefore, improve prevention messages. To this end, knowledge of illicit drug consumption practices is necessary. Periodic self\u2010report surveys are the primary source of data for monitoring drug users\u2019 behaviour. Analysis of residual content of used syringes can bring further and objective knowledge about consumed products through analytically confirmed data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Used syringes were sampled in 2 syringe\u2010exchange facilities in Lausanne. These structures are a bus where the users bring back their syringes (ABS) and an automatic injecting kit dispenser (AIKD). Once syringes were collected, a validated gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) method was implemented in order to detect drugs (licit or illicit) contained in the residual content of used syringes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Cocaine was the most common drug detected alone (39% in ABS and 31% in AIKD), followed by the simultaneous detection of heroin and cocaine (12% and 17%) and heroin and midazolam (12% and 17%). The differences between the illicit drugs distribution of used syringes collected in AIKD and ABS were not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Analysis of residual content of used syringes as a monitoring tool is an original approach that has already led to a better understanding of the habits of drug\u2010injection users. Over the long term, this approach is a powerful tool to track and detect new consumption practices in a quasi\u2010real\u2010time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T07:22:37Z","timestamp":1510039357000},"page":"874-879","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Drug residues in used syringes in Switzerland: A comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3594-1591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elodie","family":"Lefran\u00e7ois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Criminal Justice University of Lausanne  Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Augsburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Centre of Legal Medicine  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Esseiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Criminal Justice University of Lausanne  Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"717","article-title":"Trends in drug consumption and risk of transmission of HIV and hepatitis C virus among injecting drug users in Switzerland, 1993\u20132006","volume":"13","author":"Dubois\u2010Arber F","year":"2008","journal-title":"Euro Surveill Bull Eur Sur Mal Transm Eur Commun Dis Bull."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"R\u00e9sultats de l'enqu\u00eate 2011 aupr\u00e8s des usagers des structures \u00e0 bas\u2010seuil en Suisse","volume":"199","author":"Lociciro S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Raison Sant\u00e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2515\/therapie\/2015054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1625"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","article-title":"Drug residues in syringes and other injecting paraphernalia in Hungary","author":"P\u00e9terfi A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Test Anal."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(92)80526-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(99)00266-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"PflegerK MaurerHH WeberA et al.Mass Spectral and GC Data of Drugs Poisons Pesticides Pollutants and Their Metabolites. 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