{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T15:43:51Z","timestamp":1777736631596,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>3\u2010methylfentanyl (3\u2010MF), <jats:italic>N\u2010<\/jats:italic>(3\u2010methyl\u20101\u2010phenethyl\u20104\u2010piperidyl)\u2010<jats:italic>N\u2010<\/jats:italic>phenyl\u2010propanamide, has reappeared on the US illicit drug market since its disappearance after a series of overdose deaths in 1988. 3\u2010MF presents an analytical challenge, due to presence of <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic> stereoisomers, each with different potencies, and ultimately very low concentrations in the blood after use. A method was developed using liquid chromatography\u2013time\u2010of\u2010flight\u2013mass spectrometry for the analysis of (\u00b1)\u2010<jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\u20103\u2010MF and (\u00b1)\u2010<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\u20103\u2010MF in blood specimens after solid phase extraction. The linear dynamic range of this method was 0.1\u201310\u00a0ng\/mL. Blood samples from 25 postmortem cases and 2 human performance case involving 3\u2010MF were submitted for quantitative analysis. The mean and median concentration for the (\u00b1)\u2010<jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\u20103\u2010MF were 0.84\u00a0ng\/mL (\u00b10.81) and 0.67\u00a0ng\/mL, respectively, range 0.14\u20133.43\u00a0ng\/mL. The resulting (\u00b1)\u2010<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\u20103\u2010MF mean concentration was 0.46\u00a0ng\/mL (\u00b10.38) and the median concentration was 0.37\u00a0ng\/mL with a range of 0.11\u20131.90\u00a0ng\/mL. The resulting (\u00b1)\u2010<jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\u20103\u2010MF and (\u00b1)\u2010<jats:italic>trans\u2010<\/jats:italic>3\u2010MF concentrations were summed to give the total amount of 3\u2010MF present in the case with the resulting average concentration at 1.28\u00a0ng\/mL (\u00b11.16), median at 1.01\u00a0ng\/mL and range 0.18\u20135.18. As the estimated dose of this compound is approximately 0.1\u00a0mg\u20130.5\u00a0mg with the resulting concentrations in the sub\u2010nanogram range, it is necessary for forensic toxicology laboratories to obtain instruments sensitive enough to detect these substances in driving under the influence of drugs and postmortem cases. Quantitation of 3\u2010MF with separation of (\u00b1)\u2010<jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic> and (\u00b1)\u2010<jats:italic>trans\u2010<\/jats:italic>3\u2010MF provides additional detail for more specific toxicological interpretation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,25]],"date-time":"2018-05-25T18:45:22Z","timestamp":1527273922000},"page":"1474-1482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Analysis of <i>cis<\/i> and <i>trans<\/i> 3\u2010methylfentanyl by liquid chromatography\u2013high resolution mass spectrometry and findings in forensic toxicology casework"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8846-9780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa F.","family":"Fogarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE) at the Fredric Rieders Family Foundation  Willow Grove Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna M.","family":"Papsun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMS Labs  Willow Grove 19090 Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry K.","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE) at the Fredric Rieders Family Foundation  Willow Grove Pennsylvania"},{"name":"NMS Labs  Willow Grove 19090 Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"CDC Injury Center.Understanding the Epidemic Drug Overdose.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/epidemic\/index.html. 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