{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:32:15Z","timestamp":1762101135775,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,3]],"date-time":"2011-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic used in the prevention and treatment of moderate to severe pain. Two sensitive, selective, and rapid spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of tramadol in its dosage forms and in spiked human urine. The methods are based on formation of yellow ion\u2010pairs between tramadol and two sulfonthalein dyes; bromocresol purple (BCP) and bromocresol green (BCG) in dichloromethane medium followed by absorbance measurement at 400 and 410 nm, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, tramadol could be assayed in the concentration ranges, 1\u201315 and 1\u201316 \u00b5g ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> with correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 in both cases. The molar absorptivity values are calculated to be 1.84 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> and 1.97 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> l mol<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for BCP and BCG methods, respectively; and the corresponding Sandell sensitivity values are 0.0143 and 0.0134 \u00b5g cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) have also been reported. The stoichiometry of the reaction was found to be 1:1 in both cases and the conditional stability constant (K<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub>) values of the ion pairs have been calculated. The within\u2010day and between\u2010day RSD were 0.9\u20131.96% and 1.56\u20133.21%, respectively. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of tramadol in tablets and injections and also in spiked human urine with good recoveries. The procedures are simple, accurate, and suitable for quality control application. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,3]],"date-time":"2011-02-03T06:09:28Z","timestamp":1296713368000},"page":"116-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Use of two sulfonthalein dyes in the extraction\u2010free spectrophotometric assay of tramadol in dosage forms and in spiked human urine based on ion\u2010pair reaction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Kanakapura B.","family":"Vinay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hosakere D.","family":"Revannasiddappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagaraju","family":"Rajendraprasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavagada J.","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cijo M.","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanakapura","family":"Basavaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,3]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2006.01.026"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/82.4.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"889","volume":"48","author":"Lintz W.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"42","volume":"14","author":"Mang F. 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