{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T03:39:04Z","timestamp":1769917144509,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The detection of \u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) in hair, for the purpose of identifying cannabis consumption, is conducted in many forensic laboratories. Since external contamination of hair with these cannabis components cannot be excluded, even after hair decontamination, only the detection of THC metabolites such as 11\u2010nor\u20109\u2010carboxy\u2010\u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (THC\u2010COOH) or 11\u2010hydroxy\u2010\u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (OH\u2010THC), is considered to prove cannabis consumption. At present, testing for THC metabolites is not standard practice due to its analytical complexity. For these reasons, we developed a novel method for the detection of THC\u2010COOH and OH\u2010THC as well as THC, CBD, and CBN in one single analytical run using gas chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS\/MS) with electron ionization. After manual hair washing and grinding, sample preparation was fully automated, by means of a robotic autosampler. The hair extraction took place by digestion with sodium hydroxide. A solid\u2010phase extraction (SPE) was chosen for sample clean\u2010up, using a mixed\u2010mode anion exchange sorbent. Derivatization of all analytes was by silylation. The method has been fully validated according to guidelines of the Society of Toxicological and Forensic Chemistry (GTFCh), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2\u00a0pg\/mg for THC\u2010COOH and OH\u2010THC and 2\u00a0pg\/mg for THC, CBD and CBN, respectively, thus fulfilling the Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) recommendations. The validated method has been successfully applied to our routine forensic case work and a summary of data from authentic hair samples is given, as well as data from proficiency tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,24]],"date-time":"2018-08-24T12:25:04Z","timestamp":1535113504000},"page":"267-278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Simultaneous quantification of THC\u2010COOH, OH\u2010THC, and further cannabinoids in human hair by gas chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry with electron ionization applying automated sample preparation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9238-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Kieliba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2559-4020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Lerch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GERSTEL GmbH &amp; Co. KG  M\u00fclheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8779-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilke","family":"Andresen\u2010Streichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus A.","family":"Rothschild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justus","family":"Beike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01371228"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2006.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent trends in analytical methods and separation techniques for drugs of abuse in hair","volume":"856","author":"Baciu T","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(93)90256-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12787J"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"503","article-title":"Tetrahydrocannabinols in the hair of hashish smokers","volume":"102","author":"Balabanova S","year":"1989","journal-title":"Z Rechtsmed"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"393","article-title":"Comments on: \"tetrahydrocannabinols in the hair of hashish smokers\", S. Balabanova et al","volume":"103","author":"K\u00e4ferstein H","year":"1990","journal-title":"Z Rechtsmed"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01261428"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(94)01615-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/20.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59259-947-9_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.026120"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1474"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00779a049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02594.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13837J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-007-1288-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14906"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkw031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1739"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2415"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.109.026898"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02977406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(03)00047-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2006.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkw047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2007.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/25.7.555"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/30.3.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(99)00161-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2011.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2013.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1565"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.7363"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2015.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/26.8.554"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200600192"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.945"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2010.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(99)00984-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-7815-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","unstructured":"PaulLD MusshoffF.In: guidelines for quality assurance in forensic\u2010toxicological analyses. English Translation Original German Version Published inToxichem Krimtech2009;76(3):142\u2013176. Available fromhttps:\/\/www.gtfch.org\/cms\/index.php\/en\/guidelines. Accessed October 28 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","unstructured":"PetersFT HartungM HerboldM SchmittG DaldrupT MusshoffF.In: appendix B \u2010 requirements for the validation of analytical methods. English Translation Original German Version Published inToxichem Krimtech2009;76(3):185\u2013208. Available fromhttps:\/\/www.gtfch.org\/cms\/index.php\/en\/guidelines. Accessed October 28 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","unstructured":"MusshoffF SkoppG PragstF SachsH ThiemeD.In: appendix C \u2010 quality requirements for the analysis of hair samples. English Translation Original German Version Published inToxichem Krimtech.2009;76(3):209\u2013216. Available fromhttps:\/\/www.gtfch.org\/cms\/index.php\/en\/guidelines. Accessed October 28 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","unstructured":"Chemicalize.org.In: Calculation Search for: \"104874\u201050\u20102\" \"26108\u201040\u20107\" \"tetrahydrocannabinol\" \"13956\u201029\u20101\" and \"521\u201335\u20107\".2017. Available fromhttp:\/\/www.chemicalize.org. Accessed October 28 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/19.6.483"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Hair analysis for assessing cannabis use. Where is the cut\u2010off? Abstract from the workshop of the Society of Hair Testing, Strasbourg, 2005","volume":"17","author":"Wicks JF","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Toxicol Anal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2007.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1830"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.12.023"}],"container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdta.2490","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.2490","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T08:40:03Z","timestamp":1760344803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dta.2490"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dta.2490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.2490","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-7603","1942-7611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-7603","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}