{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T19:33:02Z","timestamp":1780774382722,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quick but accurate testing and on\u2010the\u2010spot monitoring of cocaine in oral fluids and urine continues to be an important toxicological issue. In terms of drug testing, a number of devices have been introduced into the market in recent decades, notably for workplace inspection or roadside testing. However, these systems do not always fulfill the requirements in terms of reliability, especially when low cut\u2010off levels are required. With respect to surface water, the presence of anthropogenic small organic molecules such as prescription and over\u2010the\u2010counter pharmaceuticals as well as illicit drugs like cannabinoids, heroin, or cocaine, has become a challenge for scientists to develop new analytical tools for screening and on\u2010site analysis because many of them serve as markers for anthropogenic input and consumer behavior. Here, a modular approach for the detection of cocaine is presented, integrating an electrochemical enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed on antibody\u2010grafted magnetic beads in a hybrid microfluidic sensor utilizing flexible tubing, static chip and screen\u2010printed electrode (SPE) elements for incubation, recognition, and cyclic voltammetry measurements. A linear response of the sensor vs. the logarithm of cocaine concentration was obtained with a limit of detection of 0.15\u00a0ng\/L. Within an overall assay time of 25\u00a0minutes, concentrations down to 1\u00a0ng\/L could be reliably determined in water, oral fluids, and urine, the system possessing a dynamic working range up to 1\u00a0mg\/L.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T22:36:47Z","timestamp":1538779007000},"page":"492-500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor for the trace analysis of cocaine in water and body fluids"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nahla A.","family":"Abdelshafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung and \u2010pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Richard\u2010Willst\u00e4tter\u2010Stra\u00dfe 11 12489 Berlin Germany"},{"name":"School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA), Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1861-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung and \u2010pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Richard\u2010Willst\u00e4tter\u2010Stra\u00dfe 11 12489 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5589-5548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Knut","family":"Rurack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung and \u2010pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Richard\u2010Willst\u00e4tter\u2010Stra\u00dfe 11 12489 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2228-1248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rudolf J.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung and \u2010pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Richard\u2010Willst\u00e4tter\u2010Stra\u00dfe 11 12489 Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Stra\u00dfe des 17. 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