{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:30:25Z","timestamp":1791549025595,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]],"date-time":"2018-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of ecgonine in urine has been proposed as an appropriate marker of cocaine use. Only a few methods have been published for their determination along with cocaine and the rest of its metabolites. Due to their high polarity and consequent solubility in water, these have low recoveries, which is why it is necessary to increase the sensitivity, by the formation of hydrochloric salts or multiderivatization of the analytes or by performing two solid\u2010phase extractions (SPEs), considerably increasing the time and cost of the analysis. This work describes a fast and fully validated procedure for the simultaneous detection and quantification of ecgonine, ecgonine\u2010methyl\u2010ester, benzoylecgonine, nor\u2010benzoylecgonine, m\u2010hydroxybenzoylecgonine, cocaethylene, cocaine, norcocaine, and norcocaethylene in human urine (500\u00a0\u03bcL) using one SPE and simple derivatization. Separation and quantification were achieved by gas chromatography\u2013electron ionization\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013EI\u2013MS) in selected\u2010ion monitoring mode. Quantification was performed by the addition of deuterated analogs as internal standards. Calibration curves were linear in the adopted ranges, with determination coefficients higher than 0.99. The lower limits of quantification ranged from 2.5 to 10\u00a0ng\/mL. The intra\u2010 and inter\u2010day precision, calculated in terms of relative standard deviation, were 1.2%\u201314.9% and 1.8%\u201317.9%, respectively. The accuracy, in terms of relative error, was within a\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.4% interval. Extraction efficiency ranged from 84% to 103%. Compared with existing methods, the procedure described herein is fast, since only one SPE is required, and cost\u2010effective. In addition, this method provides a high recovery for ecgonine, resulting in a better alternative to the previously published methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]],"date-time":"2018-11-23T12:05:38Z","timestamp":1542974738000},"page":"361-373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Optimization and validation of simultaneous analyses of ecgonine, cocaine, and seven metabolites in human urine by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry using a one\u2010step solid\u2010phase extraction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, C\u00e1tedra de Toxicolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Legal, Laboratorio de Asesoramiento Toxicol\u00f3gico Anal\u00edtico (CENATOXA) Universidad de Buenos Aires  Jun\u00edn 956 7<sup>mo<\/sup>piso (C1113AAD). Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires (CABA) Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Marina","family":"Cabanillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, C\u00e1tedra de Toxicolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Legal, Laboratorio de Asesoramiento Toxicol\u00f3gico Anal\u00edtico (CENATOXA) Universidad de Buenos Aires  Jun\u00edn 956 7<sup>mo<\/sup>piso (C1113AAD). Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires (CABA) Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy M\u00f3nica","family":"Olivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, C\u00e1tedra de Toxicolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Legal, Laboratorio de Asesoramiento Toxicol\u00f3gico Anal\u00edtico (CENATOXA) Universidad de Buenos Aires  Jun\u00edn 956 7<sup>mo<\/sup>piso (C1113AAD). Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires (CABA) Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia Noem\u00ed","family":"Quiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, C\u00e1tedra de Toxicolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Legal, Laboratorio de Asesoramiento Toxicol\u00f3gico Anal\u00edtico (CENATOXA) Universidad de Buenos Aires  Jun\u00edn 956 7<sup>mo<\/sup>piso (C1113AAD). Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires (CABA) Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).World drug report 2015.https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/wdr2015\/World_Drug_Report_2015.pdf. Accessed 29 November 2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"European Workplace Drug Testing Society (EWDTS).European Guidelines for Workplace Drug Testing in Urine Version 2.0 2015.http:\/\/www.ewdts.org\/data\/uploads\/documents\/ewdts\u2010urine\u2010guideline\u20102015\u201011\u201001\u2010v2.0.pdf. Accessed 29 November 2017"},{"issue":"94","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"28101","article-title":"Notice of proposed revisions to the mandatory guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs, urine","volume":"80","author":"Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).Clinical drug testing in primary care technical assistance publication (TAP) 32 HHS publication no. (SMA) 12\u20134668. 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