{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:27:20Z","timestamp":1770222440238,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"California Horse Racing Board"},{"name":"Racing Medication and Testing Consortium"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phenylbutazone (PBZ) is a potent mon\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drug used commonly in performance horses. The objectives of the current study were to describe blood and urine concentrations and the pharmacokinetics of PBZ and its metabolites following intravenous (IV) and oral administration and to describe the duration of pharmacodynamic effect. To that end, 17 horses received an IV administration and 18 horses an oral administration of 2 g of PBZ. Blood and urine samples were collected prior to and for up to 96\u00a0hours post drug administration. Whole blood samples were collected at various time points and challenged with lipopolysaccharide or calcium ionophore to induce ex vivo synthesis of eicosanoids. Concentrations of PBZ and eicosanoids were measured using liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) and non\u2010compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis performed on concentration data from IV and oral administration. Serum concentrations of PBZ and its metabolites were below the limit of quantitation at 96\u00a0hours post administration. The volume of distribution at steady state, systemic clearance, and terminal half\u2010life was 0.194\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.019\u00a0L\/kg, 23.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.48\u00a0mL\/h\/kg, and 10.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.32\u00a0hours, respectively. The terminal half\u2010life following oral administration was 13.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.01 (paste) and 15.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.96\u00a0hours (tablets). Stimulation of PBZ treated whole blood with lipopolysaccharide and calcium ionophore resulted in an inhibition of TXB<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, LTB<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and 15\u2010HETE production for a prolonged period of time post drug administration. The results of this study suggest that PBZ has a prolonged anti\u2010inflammatory following IV or oral administration of 2 g to horses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T01:18:45Z","timestamp":1543540725000},"page":"792-803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Phenylbutazone blood and urine concentrations, pharmacokinetics, and effects on biomarkers of inflammation in horses following intravenous and oral administration of clinical doses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8676-4970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather K.","family":"Knych","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California  Davis CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California  Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rick M.","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University of California  Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan S.","family":"McKemie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California  Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Seminoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California  Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Briana","family":"Hamamoto\u2010Hardman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California  Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip H.","family":"Kass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California  Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"IFHA.http:\/\/www.ifhaonline.org\/default.asp?section=IABRW&area=1."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"IFHA.http:\/\/www.ifhaonline.org\/default.asp?section=IABRW&area=6."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"EHSLC.https:\/\/www.ehslc.com\/detection\u2010times."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"FEI.https:\/\/inside.fei.org\/system\/files\/FEIDetection Times 2018.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1981.tb03472.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02056.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)30599-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1986.tb00009.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1935(87)90024-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00498258709043950"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12298"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00915709"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","article-title":"Spectrophotometric monitoring of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathway activity using Ionophore stimulated whole blood","volume":"21","author":"Sweeney FJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02259611"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1737"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.4102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1994.tb00278.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.04.019"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Plasma and urine levels of phenylbutazone in the horse","volume":"153","author":"Piperno E","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2004.00617.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1984.tb00911.x"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1986.47.11.2359","article-title":"Effects of a phenylbutazone paste in ponies: model of acute nonimmune inflammation","volume":"47","author":"Lees P","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1972.tb03880.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1986.tb00031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.04.013"}],"container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdta.2553","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.2553","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dta.2553","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.2553","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T08:00:37Z","timestamp":1760342437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dta.2553"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dta.2553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.2553","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-7603","1942-7611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-7603","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}