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The use of these substances is known to cause health\u2010related issues, which highlights the importance of being able to evaluate the scale of consumption by the general population. However, most available research on the analysis of anabolic steroids is focused on animals and athletes in connection with doping. The potential of wastewater\u2010based epidemiology as an intelligence tool for the assessment of community level use of anabolic steroids is presented herein. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the analysis of 10 anabolic\u2010androgenic steroids and 14 endogenous hormones in influent wastewater. The validated method was applied to sixteen 24\u2010hour composite wastewater influent samples that were collected over a period of five years from two wastewater treatment plants in Queensland, Australia. Nine investigated compounds were found to be present at concentrations between 14 and 611\u00a0ng\u00a0L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> which translated into 3\u2013104\u00a0mg excreted per 1000 individuals per day. It was concluded that the developed analytical method is suitable for the analysis of AAS in wastewater matrix. Additionally, both the inclusion of metabolites and further investigation into deconjugation by enzymatic hydrolysis would aid in understanding and evaluating community anabolic steroid use. For the first time, this study presents the application of wastewater\u2010based epidemiology on anabolic\u2010androgenic steroids in Australia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T09:06:27Z","timestamp":1553245587000},"page":"937-949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A pilot wastewater\u2010based epidemiology assessment of anabolic steroid use in Queensland, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5644-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja M.","family":"Shimko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King's Forensics, School of Population Health &amp; Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences &amp; Medicine King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland  Woolloongabba QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9336-9656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jake W.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland  Woolloongabba QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5986-3853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leon","family":"Barron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's Forensics, School of Population Health &amp; Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences &amp; Medicine King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Kayalar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's Forensics, School of Population Health &amp; Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences &amp; Medicine King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland  Woolloongabba QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0000-1973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jochen F.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland  Woolloongabba QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3292-3534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben J.","family":"Tscharke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland  Woolloongabba QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0535-8197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phil M.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland  Woolloongabba QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland  Woolloongabba QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2418-0777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoff","family":"Eaglesham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland  Woolloongabba QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2155-100X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin V.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland  Woolloongabba QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199519050-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2001.01.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950050035004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014724"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.470050407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"World Anti\u2010Doping Code.International standard prohibited listIn: World Anti\u2010Doping Agency;2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"ReberaA.Poisons standard October 2018. 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