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This investigation evaluated wash methods complying with Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) guidelines and their capacity to remove cocaine (COC) and methamphetamine (MA) from artificially contaminated hair. The most effective decontamination method was determined using a systematic approach, involving (1) an initial washing solvent screen, (2) optimization of wash duration, (3) comparison of sequential wash methods, and (4) reanalysis of clinical hair samples. For analysis, hair was subjected to micro\u2010pulverized methanolic extraction prior to quantitation by ultra\u2010high performance liquid chromatography\u2212tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC\u2212MS\/MS). Methanol (MeOH) and 0.1\u00a0M phosphate buffer (pH\u00a06) were the most effective organic and aqueous solvents, respectively, removing 28%\u201338% of COC and 16%\u201331% of MA. Wash durations longer than 30\u201360\u00a0minutes did not remove additional amounts, and a more efficient sequential wash method was subsequently developed. Despite this, the interpretation of reportable results relative to the SoHT cut\u2010off levels was unchanged for most clinical hair samples reanalyzed after washing by agitation for 30\u00a0minutes with MeOH. These findings highlight the inability of decontamination solvents to completely remove external COC and MA contamination from hair, including wash methods adhering to SoHT guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T20:33:15Z","timestamp":1565641995000},"page":"1542-1555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A systematic investigation of forensic hair decontamination procedures and their limitations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8943-8994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dylan","family":"Mantinieks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Monash University  Southbank VIC 3006 Australia"},{"name":"Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine  65 Kavanagh Street Southbank VIC 3006 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University  PO Box 71 Bundoora VIC 3083 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Di Rago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Monash University  Southbank VIC 3006 Australia"},{"name":"Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine  65 Kavanagh Street Southbank VIC 3006 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7958-8235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitri","family":"Gerostamoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Monash University  Southbank VIC 3006 Australia"},{"name":"Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine  65 Kavanagh Street Southbank VIC 3006 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"748","article-title":"Radioimmunoassay of hair for determining opiate\u2010abuse histories","volume":"20","author":"Baumgartner AM","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2006.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2011.011112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"HendersonGL HarkeyMR JonesR.\"Hair Analysis for Drugs of Abuse\" Final Report on Grant Number NIJ 90\u2010NIJ\u2010CX\u20100012 to the National Institute of Justice and National Institute on Drug Abuse;1993."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.026120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(94)01616-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(01)00539-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922807307150"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-5-570"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6552a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2016: detailed findings;2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Guidelines for testing drugs under international control in hair, sweat and oral fluid","author":"United Nations Office on Drug and Crime","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Drugs in hair. 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