{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T10:43:15Z","timestamp":1778582595739,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higenamine is a \u03b22\u2010agonist that has been included in the Prohibited List of the World Anti\u2010Doping Agency (WADA) since 2017. Meanwhile, it exists in <jats:italic>plumula nelumbinis<\/jats:italic>, a part of the lotus seed, and is commonly used as an ingredient in cuisines, herbal medicines, and nutritional supplements in China and other countries in East Asia. Therefore, an evaluation of the risk of an adverse analytical finding (AAF) of higenamine caused by <jats:italic>plumula nelumbinis<\/jats:italic> products is necessary in doping control. In this study, 14 volunteers took <jats:italic>plumula nelumbinis<\/jats:italic> capsules orally (0.34\u00a0g\/caplet, 6 caplets\/day, 7\u00a0days), and another 11 volunteers ingested higenamine tablets (three 5\u00a0mg tablets\/day for 7\u00a0days). Urine samples were collected over a period of 14\u00a0days. All urine samples were subjected to quantitative dilute\u2010and\u2010shoot analysis using liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS). The analytical results showed that urinary higenamine concentrations exceeded the WADA reporting limit (10\u00a0ng\/mL) during the drug period in most sample groups. The maximum higenamine concentration observed in the <jats:italic>plumula nelumbinis<\/jats:italic> capsule group was 500\u00a0ng\/mL. Based on confidence interval theory, appropriate data were used to establish mathematical models. The models reflected that the higenamine concentration in urine can exceed the WADA reporting limit with a high probability after taking <jats:italic>plumula nelumbinis<\/jats:italic> capsules. In conclusion, oral administration of <jats:italic>plumula nelumbinis<\/jats:italic> capsules showed a high risk of an AAF due to higenamine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T00:22:46Z","timestamp":1572826966000},"page":"1731-1736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The risk of higenamine adverse analytical findings following oral administration of <i>plumula nelumbinis<\/i> capsules"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1544-4125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Anti Doping Laboratory China Anti Doping Agency  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinzhai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Anti Doping Laboratory China Anti Doping Agency  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Anti Doping Laboratory China Anti Doping Agency  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Anti Doping Laboratory China Anti Doping Agency  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaoqian","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Anti Doping Laboratory China Anti Doping Agency  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Sport University  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Sport University  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.10.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.24.176"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"WADA.Prohibited List 2017.http:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/files\/2016\u201009\u201029_\u2010_wada_prohibited_list_2017_eng_final.pdf. Accessed 27 May 2017"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"738","article-title":"Higenamine, a dual agonist for \u03b21\u2010 and \u03b22\u2010adrenergic receptors identified by screening a traditional Chinese medicine library","volume":"85","author":"Chen Y","year":"2019","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.18.2564"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2018.1497171"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/523640","article-title":"Relaxant action of plumula nelumbinis extract on mouse airway smooth muscle","author":"Tan L","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.2517"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2018.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3965864","article-title":"Effect of alkaloids from Nelumbinis Plumula against insulin resistance of high\u2010fat diet\u2010induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice","author":"Xie Y","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(94)00023-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"Recent Advances in Doping Analysis","author":"Gansbeke W","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2331"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","volume-title":"Recent Advances in Doping Analysis","author":"Yan K","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"WADA.Minimum Required Performance Levels of Detection and Identification of Non\u2010ThresholdSubstances. TD2019MRPL.https:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/files\/td2019mrpl_eng.pdf. Accessed 1 September 2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2258"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"WADA.Athlete Passport Management Unit. TD2019APMU.https:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/files\/td2019apmu_final2.pdfAccessed 1 September 2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/lpr\/mgm042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxl009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"WADA.Minimum Criteria for Chromatographic\u2010Mass Spectrometric Confirmation of The Identity of Analytes for Doping Control Purposes. TD2015IDCR.https:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/files\/td2015idcr_\u2010_eng.pdf. 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