{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T13:37:52Z","timestamp":1782740272895,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) is a serious global problem and poses a public health risk. With new psychoactive substances (NPS) entering the illicit drug market several years ago, a significant number of highly potent and harmful drugs have become easily available and the use of these substances may impair a person\u2019s ability to drive a vehicle safely. Since NPS are not usually covered in routine toxicological analyses used in DUID investigations, only little is known about their prevalence. To gather more information on the prevalence of NPS in cases of impaired driving, a retrospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence of these drugs in blood samples of DUID suspects in southern Germany. A total of 837 blood samples, which were collected in the German federal states Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg and Bavaria in 2017 and 2018, were reanalyzed for designer stimulants and synthetic cannabinoids by liquid chromatography\u2010quadrupole\u2010time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry (LC\u2010QTOF\u2010MS). For the analysis of synthetic cannabinoids, a more sensitive liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) screening method was additionally used. A total of 14 cases (1.6%) tested positive for NPS. Designer stimulants were detected in two cases (0.2%) and synthetic cannabinoids were found in 12 cases (1.4%). The rather low prevalence rate of 1.6% estimated in this study suggests that driving under the influence of NPS does not play a large role in southern Germany. Nonetheless, in all cases in which the psychophysical impairment cannot be explained by routine toxicological findings, a screening for NPS should additionally be performed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T17:42:52Z","timestamp":1594489372000},"page":"1470-1476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Retrospective analysis of new psychoactive substances in blood samples of German drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7033-0417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Fels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Toxicological Centre (FTC) Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josefine","family":"Herzog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Toxicological Centre (FTC) Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisela","family":"Skopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Toxicological Centre (FTC) Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Holzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic Medicine Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liane D.","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic Medicine Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Graw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic Medicine Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9613-0525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Musshoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Toxicological Centre (FTC) Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"Empfehlungen der Grenzwertkommission zur \u00c4nderung der Anlage zu \u00a7 24a StVG","volume":"44","author":"Grenzwertkommission","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blutalkohol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkt065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-013-0864-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-015-1150-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-016-1812-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.European Drug Report 2019: Trends and Developments.http:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/system\/files\/publications\/11364\/20191724_TDAT19001ENN_PDF.pdf. Accessed 3 April 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2011.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bks138"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1576"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkx071"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2018.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2525"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkx015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2133"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"WerseB MorgensternC.Online\u2010Befragung zum Thema Legal Highs.https:\/\/www.berlin-suchtpraevention.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2011_CDR_Universitt_Frankfurt_Legal-Highs.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkv136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2232"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bky101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.Driving under the influence of drugs alcohol and medicines in Europe \u2013 findings from the DRUID project.http:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/attachements.cfm\/att_192773_EN_TDXA12006ENN.pdf. Accessed 3 April 2020."}],"container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdta.2897","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.2897","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dta.2897","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.2897","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:20:02Z","timestamp":1760401202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dta.2897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dta.2897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.2897","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-7603","1942-7611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-7603","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}