{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:02:40Z","timestamp":1777615360236,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]],"date-time":"2020-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The administration of alkalinising agents including bicarbonate is of concern to racing authorities because resultant alkalosis may enhance performance and interfere with the detection of drugs in post\u2010race urine. A threshold for total carbon dioxide (TCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) of 36.0 mmol\/L in plasma (with action limit of 37.0 mmol\/L) has been set. Serial dosing of sodium bicarbonate has gained popularity in human athletes but has not been studied in horses previously. Sodium bicarbonate (200 g per horse) and 60 g of an electrolyte\u2010vitamin complex was administered in 2\u2010L water via nasogastric intubation to five Standardbred horses for three consecutive days (total dose bicarbonate 0.42 \u00b1 0.02 g\/kg). Serial blood samples were taken over Days 1\u20135, with the final day (5) intended to simulate a \u2018clear day\u2019, and TCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was analysed. Following the first bicarbonate administration, plasma TCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> peaked at 6 h (34.8 \u00b1 1.3 mmol\/L), returning to baseline by 23 h. On Day 2, four out of the five horses showed a peak greater than 36.0 mmol\/L (mean 37.0 \u00b1 2.1 mmol\/L). With daily repeated dosing, plasma TCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> peaked progressively earlier, and by Day 3, the peak occurred at 2 h and concentrations declined more rapidly. On Days 4 and 5, TCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels remained low (&lt;32.1 mmol\/L on Day 4 and between 27.0\u201331.2 mmol\/L on Day 5). These studies demonstrate that serial dosing of a \u2018split dose\u2019 of sodium bicarbonate on three consecutive days does not result in the accumulation or carry\u2010over of plasma TCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels beyond the levels observed following a single dose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]],"date-time":"2020-11-08T11:38:47Z","timestamp":1604835527000},"page":"397-403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effect of serial administration of bicarbonate on plasma total CO<sub>2<\/sub> concentrations in horses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9348-5497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon R.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne  Werribee Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Racing Victoria Ltd  Flemington Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Selvadurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Racing Operations Racing Analytical Services Limited  Flemington Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katelin","family":"McLarney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne  Werribee Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne  Werribee Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7106-7884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Steel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne  Werribee Victoria Australia"},{"name":"The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse  New Territories Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2010.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1990.683673x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1993.tb00879.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02785.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(05)80024-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"ScarthJ DavisM HoughtonR HoughtonE WilliamsR WebbonP.The effect of sodium bicarbonate administration on equine plasma total carbon dioxide concentrationsPaper presented at: Proc 13th Int Conf Racing Anal Vet. 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