{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:09:12Z","timestamp":1760486952588,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,15]],"date-time":"2020-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Etizolam is a benzodiazepine analogue that is approved for use in Japan, Italy and India but has recently appeared as a nonapproved product on the illicit drug market in Europe and North America. Etizolam was identified in a crystalline material seized at a Kentucky racetrack, raising concerns that this drug may have been used in racing. The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolism and excretion of etizolam in horses to generate information on its disposition and to incorporate the correct urinary and serum target analytes into anti\u2010doping screening procedures. Etizolam was administered both intravenous and orally at a dose of 0.1 mg\/kg of body weight to three horses using a two\u2010way crossover design. Pre\u2010administration and post\u2010administration serum and urine samples were collected and experiments conducted to identify potential metabolites in these samples. Additionally, in vitro metabolism studies using horse liver S9 were undertaken to complement the in vivo metabolism studies. Numerous metabolites were id1entified in both serum and urine in additional to parent drug, with \u03b1\u2010hydroxy\u2010etizolam producing the most abundant analytical signal (in terms of signal intensity and duration of detection) of the identified metabolites in both matrices. Therefore, \u03b1\u2010hydroxy\u2010etizolam is considered to be the most appropriate analyte for detection for anti\u2010doping purposes. Analytical methods were developed and validated and then applied to post\u2010administration samples to generate concentrations of etizolam and its major metabolites in serum and urine, resulting in excretion profiles that can be used to guide approaches to detecting the use of the drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T23:02:30Z","timestamp":1604962950000},"page":"583-594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Metabolism and excretion of the benzodiazepine analogue etizolam in the horse"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0313-6221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Specialized Analytical Services LGC  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasper","family":"van Heemst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Specialized Analytical Services LGC  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeshurun","family":"Benavides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Specialized Analytical Services LGC  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9474-1560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bobby","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Specialized Analytical Services LGC, Fordham  Cambridgeshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"ETIZOLAM (Trade Names: Etilaam Etizest Depas Etizola Sedekopan Pasaden). (2020)Drug Enforcement Administration Office of Diversion Control. Drug & Chemical Evaluation Section.www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/drug_chem_info\/etizolam.pdf()."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkx031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"State of Ohio Board of Pharmacy. :State board of pharmacy classifies etizolam as a schedule I controlled substance. (2018) https:\/\/www.pharmacy.ohio.gov\/Documents\/LawsRules\/RuleChanges\/Year\/2018\/State%20Board%20of%20Pharmacy%20Classifies%20Etizolam%20as%20a%20Schedule%20I%20Controlled%20Substance.pdf. Accessed July 20 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0737-0806(00)70457-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"469","article-title":"How to produce twenty minutes of equine anesthesia in the field","volume":"59","author":"Hubbell JAE","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Ame Assoc Equine Practiti"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2008.08.012"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280074","article-title":"Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of etizolam in healthy subjects","volume":"40","author":"Fracasso C","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.2967","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dta.2967","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.2967","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:05:15Z","timestamp":1760400315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dta.2967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,15]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dta.2967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.2967","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-7603","1942-7611"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1942-7603"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1942-7611"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}